Optimasi pemanfaatan wilayah pesisir berbasis daya dukung bagi pengembangan budidaya tambak udang di Kecamatan Mangara Bombang, Kabupaten Takalar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

The aims of this research are to study land suitability for development of intensive/semi intensive and traditional/traditional plus shrimp culture, to determine carrying capacity, and optimize of land utilization for shrimp culture development. The methods employed in the research include:(i) field survey for assessing the biophysics characteristics of the Mangara Bombang coastal area; (ii) Geographycal Information System (GIS) for suitability analysis; (iii) Carrying capacity analysis using 3 different technique, and (iv) dynamic modelling for optimization. Results of land suitability for intensive/semi intensive shrimp culture showed that 894,284 hectares are highly suitable (SS), 663.071 hectares are suitable (S), and 1517.649 hectares are less suitable (KS). While land suitability for traditional/traditional plus shrimp culture showed that 1148.478 hectares are highly suitable (SS), 1078.667 hectares are suitable (S), and 1031.941 hectares are less suitable (KS). The total water volume of shrimp culture is about 129 152 399.22 m3. The water’s carrying capacity to receive organic waste based on oxygen content about 826 947.02 kg of organic waste /day. Based on that carrying capacity analysis, the generated land allocation for intensive shrimp culture (126 shrimp/m2), intensive shrimp culture (50 shrimp/m2), semi intensive shrimp culture (25 shrimp/m2), and traditional plus shrimp culture (8 shrimp/m2) consecutively are as follow 89.61 hectares, 346.37 hectares, 715.79 hectares, and 1694.91 hectares. While for water’s carrying capacity based on biodegradation rate of organic waste, the generated land allocation for intensive shrimp culture (126 shrimp/m2), intensive shrimp culture (50 shrimp/m2), semi intensive shrimp culture (25 shrimp/m2), and traditional plus shrimp culture (8 shrimp/m2) consecutively are as follow 17.49 hectares, 454.13 hectares, 938.50 hectares, and 2222.25 hectares Waters’s carrying capacity based on assimilation capacity was 70.38 tons of N (1152.13 tons of shrimps) or 47.84 tons of P (2874.tons of shrimps). Based on simulation of dynamic modelling obtained which generated land allocation of high optimization are intensive shrimp culture (126 shrimp/m2) 26.62 hectares, intensive shrimp culture (50 shrimp/m2) 144.69 hectares, semi intensive shrimp culture (25 shrimp/m2) 282.36 hectares, and traditional plus (8 shrimp/m2) 503.43 hectares, with total production 2453.03 tons of shrimp. Optimization economic profit and actual labour are Rp 36 328 006 033 and 1753 people. After that, land allocation scenario 2 for second alternative are intensive shrimp culture (126 shrimp/m2) 12.48 hectares, intensive shrimp culture (50 shrimp/m2) 89.95 hectares, semi intensive shrimp culture (25 shrimp/m2) 168.11 hectares, and traditional plus (8 shrimp/m2) 236.12 hectares, with total production 1371.09 tons of shrimp. Optimization economic profit and actual labour are Rp 19 927 489 483 and 981 people.