Pola integrasi ternak babi dengan tanaman ubi jalar yang berwawasan lingkungan di Minahasa
The integration of pig patterns with sweet potato plant based on environmental friendly concept in Minahasa
Date
2012Author
Soputan, Jeanette Etty Magdalena
Fuah, Asnath M.
Anas, Iswandi
Wiryawan, I Komang G
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Most of the farmers in Minahasa of North Sulawesi, especially in rural areas rear their pigs behind or beside their houses, pig waste are sent directly into the river or on the stack on the back of the pig cage. Which is resultedon the environmental pollution. Study on the pig integrated farming was conducted from August 2010 to October 2011 in Minahasa to assess the productivity and benefit obtained from the integrated patterns. The method used in this study was survey and field observations, followed by implementations of the integrated model. During first phase, field observations and interviews with pig farmers were conducted to get information about the pig rearing and production.In the experiment sweet potato leaves were used in pig rations, using six head of pigs of ± 36 kgs of body weight. These animals were owned by localfarmer and treated as what farmer did in feeding the pigs. Separately, ten head of pigs, weighted ± 36 kgs/pig were caged and treated using a balance feed nutrition. Rations consisted of yellow corn, rece bran, coconut cake, fish meal and sweet potato wastes, containing 14:33% crude protein and energy bruto (EB) 3103.49 kcal / kg. Far this, a set of biogas system was in falled near the cages. The animal wastes use as fertilizer applied to sweet potato plants. These experiments using local varieties of white sweet potatoes with the provision of fertilizer and dosage as follows: P0 = no fertilizer (control) P1 = 100% inorganic fertilizer (20 g) P2 = 50% inorganic fertilizer (10 g) P3 = 50% sludge (150 g) P4 = 100% sludge (300 g) a combination of inorganic P5 = 50% (10 g) and 50% sludge (150 g). Experimental design used in this experimental study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The results showed thatthe average production of biogas in this system was 149 037 ml / day (149 liters / day), with the highest results was 182 literswhich can be usedas long as 45 minutes cooking time.Chemical analysis of nutrient content contained in the sludge produced from pig manure was N 0.44%, P 0.23% and 0.06% K. The use of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer sludge on sweet potato plants did not give significant influences on the average weight of tubers (196 grams to 239 grams / hole). The average weight of stover ranged from 675 grams to 938 grams / hole. Marketable size of tubers in this study ranged from 78% to 95%, whereas, those tubers whice were not ranged from 5% to 22%. Nutrient content of sweet potato tuber was almost the same for all treatments, especially the protein content:PO 1, 39%, 2.25% P1, P2 1.18%, 0.82% P3, P4 1.00%, 1.22% P5 and Beta- PO N 28.87%, 28.87% P1, P2 19.80%,18.34% P3, P4 16.02%, 21.81% P5.From the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that pig farming was still in traditional ways, with low management and low input, but still depending on commercial feed. This type of farming had big effect on surrounding envieroment through air polution. Integration of pig farming with sweet potato plants, is quite applicative to be implemented of pig farming by farmers.Providing benefit to farmer, beside the pig and potato production there was additional benefit including energy and fertilizer. Economically, ten pigs could produce as many as 182 liter biogas which equivalent to 1.4 literkerosene thus the farmer could saving up to Rp11 200. The utilization from organic fertilizer sludge gave the highest yield (95%) of sweet potato. Sludge as much as 100 kg could produce 216 kg tubers and may generate income of Rp216 000, while stover and sweet potato can be used as animal feed. Additional advantage of this model should be a free and clean environment, from pollution, and soil improvement, including proper waste management applied by farmers. Ternak babi merupakan ternak yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan di Sulawesi Utara. Hal ini disebabkan masyarakat Sulawesi Utara khususnya Minahasa merupakan konsumen produk daging babi terbesar. Masyarakat Minahasa (Sulawesi Utara), khususnya di pedesaan masih memelihara ternak babi dipinggir kali atau sungai dan di belakang rumah, sehingga cara tersebut menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Tujuan pemeliharaan ternak babi masih terbatas pada fungsinya ternak sebagai penghasil daging dan bukan sebagai penghasil gas bio dan pupuk. Pendayagunaan limbah peternakan untuk menunjang usaha tanaman, bermakna pula sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi pencemaran. Ternak babi sebagai penghasil kotoran yang dapat diproses lanjut untuk menghasilkan gas bio, merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk menanggulangi masalah kelangkaan energi saat ini. Disamping itu hasil akhir dari proses pembuatan gas bio yaitu lumpur keluaran gas bio (sludge), dapat digunakan untuk pupuk tanaman pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi dari petani/peternak tentang tata cara pemeliharaan ternak babi, mengembangkan pola integrasi yang aplikatif, menganalisis efisiensi produksi dan keterlibatan petani/peternak dalam pola integrasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) survey yang meliputi observasi lapangan dan wawancara, 2) pertambahan bobot badan diperoleh dari selisih antara bobot badan akhir dengan bobot badan awal percobaan, 3) produksi gas diukur setiap hari menggunakan rumus silinder, 4) pengaruh penggunaan pupuk menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan, 5) nilai ekonomis didapat dari hasil kesetaraan setiap produk yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian pertambahan bobot badan ternak babi per ekor per hari dari kesepuluh ternak babi yang diberikan ransum perlakuan dan brangkasan ubi jalar berkisar 0.22 kg-0.43 kg. Pertambahan berat badan babi per ekor per hari untuk keenam ternak babi yang diberikan ransum peternak pada penelitian ini berkisar 0.29 kg-0.45 kg. Nilai ekonomis ransum yang digunakan oleh peternak (Rp3 562/ kg) masih lebih tinggi harganya, dibandingkan dengan ransum perlakuan (Rp2 260/kg). Volume biogas yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini 182 liter/hari, hasil analisis kimia unsur hara yang terkandung dalam sludge asal kotoran ternak babi adalah N (0.44%), P (0.23%) dan K (0.06%).
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- DT - Animal Science [344]