Model of sustainable sugar industry development based on clean development mechanism and society participation

Abstract

In the last decade, Indonesian sugar industry has been facing some inter-related problems that have caused a setback of the industries. The production has been declining with a 3.3% annual rate, due to a decrease in area and productivity. On the other hand, the consumption has been increasing with a 2.96% annual rate, leading to an increase in import of 16.5% of the total consumption per year. The declining performance of the industry has been attributed to the inappropriate government international trade and domestic support policies and inefficiency in farm and plant levels because of lack of integrated production system. In response to these problems, this study is aimed at (1) evaluating socio-economic condition and community perception, (2) evaluating environmental condition, (3) evaluating sustainability of sugar industry, (4) evaluating and formulating alternatives government policies related to international and domestic market policies and (5) building models of integrated production systems between farm and sugar plant activities through an integrated planting and harvesting schedule. Usman Ahmad. The methods used in achieving these objectives were an econometric of Indonesian sugar market, a compromised import tariff, and Multy-Party- Multy-Objective Model. The results of this study showed that the community have a good socio-economic condition and have a good perception. Environmental factor in sugar industry was also considered in good condition. Experiencing heavy distorted by international market through import of sugar, the policy directly affects the price at farmer level and Indonesian sugar industry more significant compared to other influencing factors. In this respects, provenue price policy is more effective than tariff-rate quota, import tariff, input subsidy, and distribution policy. Sugar cane smallholders in general are more responsive toward government policies, compared to government-owned estates, and private estates. Moreover, productivity in farm and sugar plant can be improved by developing an integrated production system through an integrated planting and harvesting schedule. The result of this research showed that sugar industry sustainability is good enough; Sustainability analysis in 5 factors of sugar industry showed that the industry sustainability is good enough. Out of f the 5 factors, only law and institutional factor which is considered not sustainable enough, while the other 4 factors (ecology, economy, technology, social and culture) are on sustainable category. Key factor influencing sustainable sugar industry management are area susceptibility, planting period management, product marketing, society formal education, factory contribution to public, society, family atmosphere relationship of society, machine revitalization, human resource productivity, cooperation with society, organizer policy of sugar industry, and local government involved. Alternative policy of sugar industry development is implementing an extensification by observing economy as dominant factor, observing industrialist dominant actor, and improving basic commodity quality and quantity as dominant purpose. There are three types of policy implementation suggested from this study. Firstly, Indonesian sugar industry has to increase its efficiency in all aspects of production activities. The integrated production system model developed in this study could be iv more applied in increasing efficiency in planting and harvesting schedule in a more compromised fashion. Secondly, to create a fairer playing ground, Indonesian sugar industry still needs some government supporting policies. Provenue price, tariff rate-quota, import tariff, input subsidy, are policies that can be used to achieve the goal of fairer playing ground and the industry development. Thirdly, government can stimulate minimum support if the increase in domestic consumption and efficiency is main target. Sugar industry management model had better notice area, seed, fertilizer, water, human resource, society growth, waste material management, law, and institutional.

Industri gula merupakan salah satu industri agro yang layak untuk dikembangkan, karena konsumsi gula baik nasional maupun dunia demikian besar antara lain digunakan untuk konsumsi mansyarakat (langsung) maupun sebagai bahan tambahan dalam industri makanan dan minuman. Seperti halnya di Indonesia, konsumsi gula dunia juga terus meningkat padahal pertumbuhan produksinya tidak sebanding. konsep model pengembangan industri gula berkelanjutan berbasis produksi bersih dan partisipasi masyarakat, mencoba mengaplikasikan aspek ekonomi, sosial budaya, teknologi dan hukum – kelembaga ke sistem produksi berbasis ekologi yang didukung oleh partisipasi masyarakat. Penerapan konsep dimaksud melahirkan istilah RSSC-PC (rountable on sustainable sugarcane–principle and cryteria) yaitu suatu wacana rekayasa sosial yang diwaktu mendatang menuntut antisipasi dari industri gula nasional. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah membangun model pengembangan industri gula di Indonesia dalam rangka menuju swasembada di tahun 2014. Tujuan khususnya adalah mendapatkan gambaran kondisi sosial, ekonomi dan persepsi masyarakat, mendapatkan gambaran kondisi kualitas lingkungan pabrik gula, menganalisis keberlanjutan industri gula dan mendapatkan faktor pengungkit yang harus diperhatikan untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan dalam pengelolaan industri gula, menentukan alternatif kebijakan dalam pengembangan industri gula di masa yang akan datang yang berbasis produksi bersih dan partisipasi masyarakat, merumuskan skenario strategi dan kebijakan pengembangan industri gula secara holistik dipandang dari sisi politik, keamanan, kepastian hukum, kepastian berusaha, investasi, teknologi, dan arah yang perlu ditempuh oleh pemerintah maupun para pelaku industri gula, peran kemitraan serta industri pendukung serta untuk mendapatkan model pengembangan industri gula yang transparan serta dapat menciptakan industri gula menjadi salah satu cara untuk mencapai pembangunan berkelanjutan yang berbasis produksi bersih dan partisipatif masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah desk study, wawancara (pengamatan langsung), observasi, focus group discussion (FGD), multi dimension scalling (MDS) dan analysis hierarchi process (AHP).