Perilaku wirausaha dan keberdayaan pengusaha kecil industri agro: kasus di Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten

Abstract

The spirit of entrepreneurship is a matter of individual mentality of a person, needs to be approached by altering patterns of thinking and action through learning, practicing and getting used to work hard, take the initiative and see the business opportunity perspective, try not to depend on others and dare to take risks with the calculation mature. In the future there is a need for increase entrepreneurship skills in line with the development pattern of life and the demands of modern society. This study aims to: (1) identify the internal factors, external factors, extension activities and small business policies; (2) analyze the behavior of selfemployment; (3) analyze the level of empowerment; (4) analyze the success rate of small businesses agro industry; and (5) develope a strategy to empower small businesses through the agro industrial extension program. The research conducted in the area of Serang District in Banten Province. The data were collected from March to August 2009. The research method used survey. The population is small entrepreneurs of agro-industries (3060 people), while the sample was of 250 small entrepreneurs. Sampling technique is proportionate random cluster. Data collection techniques: quesionaire, observation and depth interviews by using descriptive analysis and analysis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results show that (1) internal factors are into medium category (68.8%); external factors are into medium category (75.6%); the extention activities are between medium and not good; and the implementation of small industry policies are not good, (2) behavior of small entrepreneurs the agro industry into medium category (82.8%), (3) the level of empowerment is into category medium, (4) the success of small entrepreneurs in the agro industry is into medium category, and (5) small business empowerment strategy agro industry through the extension policies organized in the integration of government policies on small business.

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pengusaha kecil industri agro di Kabupaten Serang menurut Dinas Koperasi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Kabupaten Serang (2009) menyangkut pola tindak pengusaha kecil itu sendiri yang meliputi: (1) masih lemah dalam menekuni usahanya, (2) kurang mampu menjalin hubungan dengan berbagai pihak terkait usahanya, (3) kurang mampu membaca peluang, (4) kelemahan dalam mengakses dan persaingan pasar, dan (5) keterbatasan akses ke lembaga-lembaga keuangan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi faktor internal, faktor eksternal, kegiatan penyuluhan dan kebijakan usaha kecil; (2) menganalisis perilaku wirausaha; (3) menganalisis tingkat keberdayaan; (4) menganalisis tingkat keberhasilan pengusaha kecil industri agro; dan (5) merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan usaha kecil industri agro melalui program penyuluhan. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2009. Metode penelitian adalah survei sampel. Populasi adalah para pengusaha kecil industri agro sebanyak 3060 orang. Penentuan ukuran sampel menggunakan rumus Isaac dan Michael dengan derajat akurasi 10 % diperoleh sampel sebanyak 250 orang pengusaha kecil industri agro. Teknik sampling adalah proportionate cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data: angket, observasi dan indepth interview. Menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis komparatif dan analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)