Pengembangan wilayah di daerah otonom baru : studi kasus tiga kabupaten Pemekaran di Indonesia

Abstract

Since the 1999 Act No. 22 of Regional Autonomy validated, the process of regional proliferation occurred rapidly and tend to be uncontrollable. During the period of 1999-2004 has formed 148 new autonomous regions, consisting seven provinces, 114 regencies and 27 municipalities, over the 2007 to 2009 period new autonomy regional increased to 57 regencies/municipalities. Amount of autonomy regional in Indonesia became 524 (33 provinces, 398 regencies and 93 municipalities). The aspect which felt viscous in regional expansion is not economic interested. The research was based on 114 expansion district which formed in the 1999-2004, three counties then selected based on simple random sampling. The result, based on entropy diversity index, Rote Ndao and Mamasa Regencies economic development is more spread out and balanced than economy in Rokan Hilir. Rokan Hilir Regency economy activity is lame and more focused on the mining sector. Based on LQ, Rote Ndao Regency based sector is agriculture, trade, restaurants, and hotels and services. Its economic growth rate is higher than population growth rate. In Mamasa Regency, agriculture, electricity, gas, clean water and services is the base sector. Its economic growth rate is higher than population growth rate. Rokan Hilir Regency is based on mining, agriculture, trade, restaurants and hotels. Without oil and gas, the economic growth is higher than population growth, but with oil and gas the economic growth is lower than population growth. Based on IS, Regency of Rote Ndao economy is spreaded, especially in agriculture, trade and services sectors. Mamasa Regency economy is spreaded too, especially in agriculture services, electricity, gas and clean water sector. Rokan Hilir Regency economy centralized in mining, agriculture and trade. Based on SSA, Rote Ndao Regency has negative different shift in all aspect, economic growth influenced by external factor. Mamasa Regency has positive different shift for electricity sector and clean water; agriculture; mining; and banking. Rokan Hilir Regency different shift is positive except for the transport sector and service. Rote Ndao Regency has low GRDP/capita and HDI with high poor resident. Program for poor people and environment is clear and plenty. Mamasa Regency has high HDI, low GRDP/capita and high poor people, has no program for poor people and environment. Rokan Hilir Regency, have high HDI, and GRDP/capita and low poor people. There are program for poor people but no program for environment. Growth machine theory and central place theory applicable in Rote Ndao Regency, but in Rokan Hilir Regency with supported path-goal theory, while in Mamasa Regency did not applicable. Proposed recommendations, the existence Mamasa Regency needs to be revisited, while Rokan Hilir Regency necessary supervision/guidance and Rote Ndao Regency could be maintained. For the newly autonomous regencies better be drawn up in advance strong bureaucracy and functional infrastructure spatial. Moratorium of proliferation regional defended until the laws of regional settlement finished and matching with Desartada 2010-2025 agendas.

Selama kurun waktu tahun 1999 hingga 2004 telah terbentuk 148 daerah otonomi baru yang terdiri dari 7 (tujuh) provinsi, 114 (seratus empat belas) kabupaten dan 27 kota. Pada kurun waktu 2007 dan 2009 daerah otonomi baru telah bertambah lagi dengan 57 kabupaten/kota, sehingga saat ini terdapat 205 daerah otonomi baru yang terdiri dari 7 provinsi, 164 kabupaten dan 34 kota. Pembentukan ini menambah jumlah daerah otonomi di Indonesia yang totalnya menjadi 524 daerah otonom (33 provinsi, 398 kabupaten dan 93 kota). Obyek penelitian adalah 114 kabupaten baru yang terbentuk pada kurun waktu tahun 1999 sampai dengan tahun 2004, kemudian dipilih 3 (tiga) kabupaten untuk penelitian lapangan dan yang menjadi pertanyaan, bagaimana pengembangan wilayah di tiga kabupaten hasil pemekaran wilayah yang menjadi daerah otonom baru selama ini? Selanjutnya, latar belakang dan identifikasi masalah tersebut memunculkan rumusan pertanyaan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan kajian pemekaran wilayah sebagai daerah otonom baru dalam pengembangan wilayah di Indonesia.