Sumber sumber pertumbuhan sektor transportasi dan disparitas ekonomi wilayah di Indonesia
Sources of growth of transportation sector and regional economic disparities in Indonesia
Date
2012Author
Hidayat, Budi
Daryanto, Arief
Tambunan, Mangara
Suhermanto, Herry
Metadata
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Indonesia consists of many islands and has an advantage of being located in a strategic region. However, this advantage will not increase balanced regional economic growth by itself. Due to increasing world trade liberalisation there is significant competition to Indonesian products in the global market. Therefore, the role of transportation to encourage connectivity between regions in Indonesia is important and requires identification of the sources of growth within the transport sector. The objective of this study is to analyze the role transportation plays in creating regional economic disparities and structural change by using interregional input-output analysis. Regions to be analysed include five regions namely Sumatra, Java-Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and the remaining areas which make up Indonesia (ROI). Data used in this analysis was from table IRIO 2000 and 2005, which was then aggregated into 9 sectors, while the transport data was disaggregated into 3 sectors. From the research conducted, it can be shown that: growth in the transport sector in Indonesia is still influenced by the magnitude of Final Domestic Demand (DFD), where the largest contribution to DFD is from domestic consumption. Impacts of exports (EE) showed an increase and so does import substitution (IS). However, the influence of technology shows that a variety of transportation sector as shown by the coefficient of technology (TC). But in general, in the Java-Bali, Sulawesi and ROI areas, technology for air transport coefficients show that the value of intermediate inputs was less. This indicates the efficiency of the sector. On the other hand, disparities tend to converge for land transportation or, in other words, more evenly. This study suggests that in order to enhance the role of transport, then the support of private investment should be increased. Also, the technology level should continue to support connectivity between regions in Indonesia. In addition, it should also proceed more detailed study of the sources of growth in transport sector Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dan letak geografisnya yang sangat strategis, maka dalam menghadapi semakin liberalnya perdagangan dunia akan menuntut peningkatan daya saing produk Indonesia di pasar global. Namun keunggulan tersebut tidak akan terwujud dengan sendirinya. Satu hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah peran transportasi dalam menghubungkan pulau pulau tersebut yang mendorong konektivitas antar wilayah di Indonesia dan perlu dipahami dan dirumuskan sumber-sumber pertumbuhan dari sektor transportasi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis peran transportasi terhadap disparitas ekonomi wilayah di Indonesia dan perubahan strukturnya dengan menggunakan analisis interregional input-output sedangkan untuk mengetahui sumber sumber pertumbuhannya digunakan extended decomposition analysis. Wilayah yang dianalisa terdiri dari lima wilayah yaitu Sumatera, Jawa-Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi dan Indonesia Timur lainnya atau Rest of Indonesia (ROI).