Diversity of indonesian mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars based on morphological and RAPD markers

Abstract

SUMMARYIndonesia has a mango germplasm garden called KP Cukur Gondang Gardens since 1941, which has 208 native cultivars. Genetic diversity was estimated by morphology and RAPD markers. The number of cultivar observed based on morphology, DNA and both characters were 82, 76, and 72 cultivars respectively. Morphological clustering analysis classified the cultivars into three major groups Kidang Kencono, Kopek and Carang. The coefficients of genetic similarity within cultivars by using morphological characters were 0.38 to 0.85. RAPD markers using 8 primers gave reproducible DNA polymorphisms, with the number of polymorphic bands ranging from 1 to 13. A total of 65 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.20 to 2.0 Kb were amplified by using seven selected primers. The coefficient of genetic similarity within mango cultivars was 0.69 to 0.98 and the smallest similarity represent by the cultivar Santok with Cengkir, whereas the cultivars Jenis Baru and Ndok 181 have the highest similarity coefficient. There is 2 to 31% range of genetic variability in 82 accession mango cultivars from Cukur-Gondang germplasm. The cluster analysis indicated that the 83 cultivars of mangoes formed nine major clusters with 75% similarity. The first major cluster had nine accessions. Meanwhile, 76 cultivars from combined markers had nineteen major clusters similarity coefficients of 0.69 to 0.88. According to this result, both molecular and morphological data sets were not equally effective to quantify and organize the genetic diversity of mango cultivars.