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      Pengaruh investasi sektor pertanian dan industri pengolahan hasil pertanian terhadap distribusi pendapatan dan kemiskinan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

      The effect of investment in agricultural and agricultural manufacturing sectors on income distribution and poverty in the Central Sulawesi Province

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Rauf, Rustam Abd.
      Daryanto, Arief
      Mangkuprawira, Tb. Sjafri
      Priyarsono, D.S.
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      Abstract
      Central Sulawesi Province has abundant natural resources in term of agricultural and agricultural manufacturing sectors, but the people welfare is still low. One factor causing income distribution gap and poverty is the investment allocation policy. The research aims are (1) to analyze the effect of investment in agricultural and agricultural manufacturing sectors on output, value added, income distribution, and poverty, (2) to measure direct and indirect, and total effects of investment in agricultural and agricultural manufacturing sectors on income distribution, (3) to determine priority subsector of each agricultural and agricultural manufacturing sectors, and (4) to determine the most effective policy strategy that can be implemented by the Central Sulawesi government particularly for agricultural and agricultural manufacturing sectors to increase output, value added, to improve income distribution and to reduce poverty. Results showed that in the Central Sulawesi Province was unequal income distribution. Multiplier effect in agricultural manufacturing is higher than for agricultural sector. Structural path analysis in agricultural sector tends to the low income of rural household through labor production input that do not receive wage from nonagricultural sector. Meanwhile, agricultural manufacturing tends to higher income agricultural household through labor that work in agriculture. Simulations showed that 10 percent increase of investment in agricultural, agricultural manufacturing and other sectors can reduce level of poverty for all households. Meanwhile, 10 percent increase of investment, plantation subsector appears to be the highest one in reducing poverty for households.
       
      Sektor pertanian dan industri pengolahan hasil pertanian memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam perekonomian terutama bagi negara-negara berkembang. Hal ini dilihat dari peran sektor tersebut terhadap penyedia utama lapangan kerja dan sumber pendapatan sebagian besar masyarakat. Tidak dapat dipungkiri pula bahwa sektor sektor pertanian dan industri pengolahan hasil pertanian menjadi penyangga ekonomi nasional pada saat krisis ekonomi. Salah satu faktor utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya kemiskinan dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan adalah kebijakan alokasi investasi yang menimbulkan inkonsistensi dalam perencanaan pembangunan sektoral serta terjadinya ketimpangan pengalokasian anggaran terhadap kinerja pembangunan daerah. Alokasi investasi baik pemerintah daerah maupun swasta cenderung bias ke sektor industri. Padahal investasi merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan daerah karena akan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan sektoral di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Dalam teori ekonomi makro Keynes, peningkatan investasi tidak hanya akan meningkatkan permintaan agregat, tetapi juga meningkatkan penawaran agregat melalui pengaruhnya terhadap kapasitas produksi. Kedua peran tersebut menyebabkan investasi mempunyai efek pengganda yang besar dalam perekonomian Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Model Harrold-Domar menjelaskan bahwa dalam jangka panjang, investasi akan meningkatkan penawaran melalui peningkatan stok kapital yang pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan pula kemampuan masyarakat untuk menghasilkan output atau kegiatan-kegiatan produksi. Kegiatan produksi tersebut akan meningkatkan juga penyerapan tenaga kerja. Proses ini pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/53661
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