The Study of The Development and The Role of Horticulture Agribusiness On Regional Economy in Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province
Studi Pengembangan Dan Peran Agribisnis Hortikultura Dalam Perekonomian Wilayah Di Kabupaten Karo Sumatera Utara
Abstract
Agribusiness is a system consist of up stream, on farm, downstream, and supporting subsystem. The better linkages between agribusiness systems, the greater role of agribusiness system in the regional economy. These linkages result in rotation of added value, thus providing a multiplier effect on the regional economy. The purpose of the study are (1) to describe the development of the agribusiness sub-system of horticulture, (2) to evaluate the condition and completeness of the settlements systems and agribusiness system (3) to evaluate the structure of supply chain in horticulture agribusiness system, and (4) to analyze the role of horticulture agribusiness system in regional economy of Karo Regency. Horticulture sector has a stronger linkage with up-stream sectors than down-stream sector. Horticulture sector has significant Direct Backward Linkage with manufacturing Industry. Although the contribution to the formation of GDP and total output are not significant, but the sector has good role in a multiplier effect. Horticulture processing industry and its supporting infrastructure were not available in Simpang Empat, Tiga Panah and Barus Jahe. The post harvest infrastructure are still limited. The small scale farmers and farmers enterprises did not have power to access them. The lock of post –harvest infrastructure has implied to the low bargaining position of farmers in trade. The tecgnique used in this study were including description of the agribusiness system, infrastructure analysis (scalogram), margin supply chain analysis, and input-output analysis. Up-stream and on farm agribusiness subsystems were developed than downstream subsystem. The development of the up-stream subsystem was identified based on the acces of farmers to obtain the primary inputs of agricultural production. Downstream subsystem have not been developed yet. This was reinforced by the lowest of margin trade which was obtained by farmer, than any other elements in trade. Agribisnis sebagai salah satu sistem merupakan konsep pengelolaan pertanian secara luas dan utuh yang terdiri dari subsistem-subsistem. Oleh karena itu dalam pengelolaan agribisnis dibutuhkan keterkaitan yang erat dan utuh antar subsistem seperti subsistem agribisnis hulu, subsistem usahatani, subsistem hilir dan subsistem jasa layanan pendukung. Hal ini berarti bahwa kinerja sistem agribisnis sangat ditentukan oleh efektifitas dari masing-masing subsistem. Dalam pengelolaan agribisnis, keterkaitan antar pelaku dari berbagai pihak seperti penghasil produk primer, pengolah, pedagang, distributor, importir, eksportir dan lain-lain sangat dibutuhkan. Semakin baik keterkaitan dalam pengelolaan sistem agribisnis maka semakin besar pula perannya terhadap pembentukan perekonomian wilayah terutama dalam memberikan sumbangan terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Produksi hortikultura berbeda di tiaptiap wilayah demikian juga permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masing-masing kecamatan di Kabupaten Karo. Permasalahan yang secara umum dihadapi adalah keterbatasan dan penurunan kapasitas sumberdaya pertanian, sistem alih teknologi masih lemah, rantai tata niaga yang panjang dan sistem pemasaran yang belum adil dan belum berpihak kepada petani, akses terhadap pelayanan usaha dan permodalan masih terbatas, kelembagaan petani dan posisi tawar petani masih rendah, dan lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga terkait dan birokrasi.
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