The potency of Intensive Sylviculture System (TPTII) to support reduced emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) (a case study in concession of PT.Sari Bumi Kusuma in Central Kalimantan)
Potensi pemanfaatan sistem TPTII untuk mendukung upaya penurunan emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD) (studi kasus areal IUPHHK- PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma di Kalimantan Tengah)
Date
2011Author
Hardiansyah, Gusti
Boer, Rizaldi
Kusmana, Cecep
Darusman, Dudung
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PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma (SBK) in Central Kalimantan is one of forest concessionaires in Indonesia that adopt the Intensive Sylviculture System (TPTII), while the most common system in Indonesia is Selective Cutting and Planting System (TPTI). Through TPTII sylviculture system, only selected timber are allowed to be harvested (diameter ≥ 40 cm), which then followed by strip line planting activity. The TPTII system is likely able to prevent degradation of forest resource compare to common TPTI system, thus it has potency to reduce greenhouse gas emission (GHG). The objectives of this research were: (1) to compare the carbon dynamics between forest production area that use TPTII and one using TPTI, (2) to valuate the carbon economy of the two sylviculture systems, and (3) to analyze the community needs for land in supporting REDD implementation. The Methodology used in this study included the measurement of above ground biomass in seven TPTII locations with twenty two sample plots with size of 10 x 25 meters. In each planting line, one tree sample from the age of 1–7, 12, 15 and 20 years were taken for destructive sampling and used for developing allometric equations. The measurement of above ground biomass of the TPTI system was conducted at other neighboring company that has moderate performance according to independent assessment institution (LPI). The financial analysis of carbon over 25 years was performed using BCR and NPV methods.Community needs for land was assessed in three villages, through interview with 47 respondents (indepth interview). The data was analyzed using non parametric approach (wilcoxon), parametric statistic (regression) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that TPTII activities are able to reduce forest degradation and are estimated to be able to absorb carbon emission of 5.930.046,67 tons through its 25 years strip line planting of the area of 90.000 ha (in average of 3.600 ha per year). In the area of TPTI from the equal area, potency of carbon sequestration was 1.661.107,12 tons. The delta of carbon sequestration of TPTII compared to TPTI in 25 years period was 4.268.939,55 Tons of C or equal to 15.652.778,33 tons of CO2. The financial feasibility of carbon sequestration in zero cutting (alternative-1) of TPTII compare to that TPTI as baseline is not feasible at the price level US$ 5-25 per ton C, with rate of interest of 10%-14%, both for the line planting (alternative -2) and selective logging in both of the line planting and or in the intermediate line (alternative-3) is financially feasible at the price level US$5 pertonC. Integration of TPTII and development activities has potency to decrease deforestation for 25 years of the area of 81.425 ha, or be able to reduce carbon emission of 20.397.920,43 tons C, which equal to sequestration of 74.792.374,91 tons of CO2. This research recommend that tree harvesting in PT. SBK is better to be carried out in 25th year. A carbon incentive/compensation mechanism for company and community is needed, and the minimum feasible price for carbon is USD 25 per ton. Empowerment of community through development of community-based productive economic is needed as an integrative effort with establishment of coordination forum that involves local government, management of Bukit Baka Bukit Raya national park, PT SBK and other concessionaires. Sistem Silvikultur Intensif (TPTII) dibangun untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sumberdaya hutan. Pengelolaan TPTII yang diikuti dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitar hutan diduga dapat mengurangi deforestasi dan degradasi sumberdaya hutan. Hal ini sesuai dengan Rencana Aksi Nasional Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN – GRK) nasional untuk menurunkan emisi nasional. Besaran penurunan emisi pada kegiatan ini perlu dianalisis sehingga sumbangan sistem TPTII dalam mendukung penurunan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi Hutan (REDD) bisa diketahui lebih detil. Studi ini dilakukan di areal IUPHHKHT PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma Kalimantan Tengah. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah: (a) seberapa besar potensi karbon yang dikelola melalui sistem silvikultur TPTII, (b) bagaimana model dinamika karbon pada sistem Silvikultur TPTII berdasarkan kajian ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial dalam skema sistem REDD, (c) bagaimana konsep kebutuhan lahan bagi masyarakat untuk kegiatan pembangunan hutan dengan sistem TPTII dan konservasi karbon melalui REDD dan (d) sejauhmana keunggulan sistem TPTII sebagai model pengelolaan hutan produksi dalam menekan emisi karbon akibat adanya proses deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah (a) menghitung potensi karbon yang dikelola melalui sistem silvikultur TPTII, (b) membangun dan menganalisis dinamika karbon hutan pada sistem Silvikultur TPTII, (c) menganalisis kebutuhan lahan bagi masyarakat untuk kegiatan pembangunan hutan dengan sistem TPTII dan konservasi karbon REDD, (d) menganalisis keunggulan sistem TPTII sebagai model pengelolaan hutan produksi dalam upaya untuk menekan emisi karbon akibat adanya proses deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. Adapun sebagai bahan pertimbangan pengelolaan hutan yang lestari dalam kerangka perdagangan karbon dan program dalam global warming.