Pengembangan kerangka kerja keselamatan operasi penangkapan ikan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Charachteristics of the occupational in fishing vessel are dangerous, dirty and difficult, known as “3d”. Fishing vessel safety is a complex interactions among human factors, machines and environmental. Fishing safety problems emerge when minimum one of those elements of human factor, machines or environment is misfunction. The general objective of this research is to develope frame work of fishing vessel operation safety in Central Java Province. Specific objectives of this research, are as follows: 1) identification database systems of fishing vessel accident; 2) identification of crews quality and capacity, 3) identification of the safety equipment, 4) identification of the national and international regulations on fishing vessel safety, 5) to make the alternative policies and strategies on fishing vessel safety management, to make strategies development on maritime training and education. Results of this reasearch, are: 1) to provide national database systems on fishing vessel accidents and investigations and to integrate this system database into fisheries satatistic, 2) the level of safety and navigation competencies of the skippers are still in low level, 3) fishing vessels which already equipped with the minimum safety equipment as much as 29,69%, 4) the existing regulations for seaworthiness and shipmanning of fishing vessel need to be reviewed, 5) the Fatality Accident Rate (FAR) is 113 fishermen died/missing at sea per 100.000 fisherman per year and if it is compared with the FAR of the world fishing fleet, it‘s still consider higher. The average FAR of the world is 80 fishermen per year, 6) the position of the fishing vessels accident on F-N matrix is still on the unacceptable risk level. The necessary measures to reduce accident risk of fishing vessels accident are needed. Some of the measures that we suggest, are as follows: 1) to estasblish national database systems of fishing vessel accidents and investigations and to integrate this system data base into fisheries satatistics, 2) training on navigation and safety competences (BST) for skippers and crew members, 3) increasing safety awareness for the fishing vessel stakeholders 4) crews insurance, 5) to provide standard of fishing vessel, ship manning, works in fishing, education, training and certification, 6) extended researchs are needed on development model fishing vessel safety development, B/C analisys and to make standart ship of fishing vessels less than 60 GT that suitable to be operated in southern Jawa Island waters

Pekerjaan pada kapal penangkap ikan merupakan pekerjaan yang membahayakan, maka profesi tersebut memiliki karakteristik “3d” yaitu: membahayakan (dangerous), kotor (dirty) dan sulit (difficult). Keselamatan kapal penangkap ikan merupakan interaksi antara human factor, machines dan environmental. Kecelakaan akan timbul apabila salah satu elemen tersebut tidak berfungsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun pengembangan kerangka kerja sistem keselamatan operasi penangkapan ikan di Jawa Tengah. Sedangkan tujuan khusus penelitian mencakup: 1) mengidentifikasi sistem pendataan kecelakaan kapal penangkap ikan, 2) mengidentifikasi kualitas awak kapal, 3) mengidentifikasi kelengkapan alat-alat keselamatan, 4) mengidentifikasi peraturan-peraturan dan kelembagaan, 5) menyusun alternatif kebijakan pengembangan manajemen keselamatan (safety management) penangkapan ikan dan 6) strategi pengembangan diklat bagi awak kapal. Penelitian dilaksanakan antara Juni 2008 sampai Februari 2009 di pelabuhan perikanan yang menjadi basis penangkapan ikan, yaitu: PPN Pekalongan dan PPP Tegalsari serta PPS Cilacap. Analisis risiko kecelakaan dilakukan dengan menghitung Fatality Accident Rate (FAR) dan Risk Index (RI) dari data kecelakaan yang ada dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Pengukuran FAR dengan membandingkan jumlah korban meninggal/hilang pertahun dengan jumlah awak kapal aktif per 100.000 orang Kecelakaan fatal kapal penangkap ikan dari tahun 2006 sampai 2008, sebanyak 61 kali dengan awak kapal meninggal/hilang di laut sebanyak 68 orang atau rata-rata korban meninggal/hilang sebanyak 23 orang per tahun dari jumlah awak kapal aktif sebanyak 19.640 orang. Kapal dan alat tangkap yang tenggelam/hilang di laut sebanyak 22 unit kapal atau rata-rata kapal hilang sebanyak 7 unit/tahun.