Efficacy of Ginger and Turmeric Rhizome Extracts As An Effort to Extend the Storage Period of Salak Pondoh Due to Fungal Infection. This research was conducted
Kajian Efikasi Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe dan Kunyit sebagai Upaya untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Buah Salak Pondoh Akibat Serangan Cendawan
Date
2011Author
Kusmiadi, Riwan
Hasbullah, Rokhani
Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati
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Control of postharvest diseases of fruits using chemical fungicides so far are quite effective, but its side effect on human health is not recommended. Therefore, it is necessary to find another technique which is cheaper and safer using botanical fungicide. Red ginger and turmeric extracts have strong antifungal activities, consequently they were used in this study. This study aimed: 1) To determine the most often fungal species isolated and the most potential fungal isolate which cause postharvest disease of salak Pondoh; 2) To asses the effectiveness of red ginger and turmeric rhizome extracts in inhibiting the growth of the most potential fungal isolate; 3) To find the most effective coating formula i.e wax concentration in combination with extract concentration of botanical fungicide to maintain the quality of salak Pondoh during storage. Randomized block design was used to determine the efficacy of two factors, i.e botanical fungicides (red ginger and turmeric rhizome extracts) and three concentrations (20, 30 and 40 %) of each botanical fungicide extract. A complete randomized block design with three treatments was used to examine the effect of red ginger extract and wax on fungal infection of salak Pondoh during storage. The three treatments were 1) waxing 10%; 2) red ginger rhizome extract 30%; 3) the combination of ginger rhizome extract 30% and waxing 10%. Salak Pondoh not coated wax 10 % and red ginger extract 30 % was used as control. Three replicates were used either on treatment or control. Water content of salak Pondoh, fruit hardness, total dissolved solid, respiration rate, weight loss, organoleptic test were determine using oven method, reometer, refractometer, closed system, gravimetric, and panelist test, respectively. Twelve fungal isolats were found in salak Pondoh collected from seven traditional markets and supermarkets in Bogor. Nine isolates of them were Thielaviopsis paradoxa, three other isolates were Mucor sp. Geotricum sp. and Fusarium graminearum. Thielaviopsis. paradoxa was the most often isolated fungal species and it caused the disease on salak Pondoh. The most virulent isolate of T. paradoxa was PSYSI1 and its disease symptom was 2 010 mm2. The result indicated that red ginger and turmeric extracts inhibited the growth of the T. paradoxa PSYSI1 at the concentration of 30 % or more, but red ginger extract was more potential to inhibit the fungal isolate (100 %) compared to turmeric extract (34 %). The use of 30 % ginger extract in combination with 10% waxing could maintain the quality of salak Pondoh at room temperature (28-29oC) and 65-75 % RH until 12 days of storage, while the control only up to 9 days of storage. Buah salak (Salacca edulis Reinw) setelah dipanen masih melakukan aktivitas fisiologis terutama respirasi yang menjadi penyebab kerusakan buah. Selain itu kerusakan dapat terjadi karena serangan cendawan, yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada aroma, rasa, tekstur dan penampilan menjadi tidak menarik, sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap nilai jual komoditas ini. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik untuk mengendalikan penyakit pascapanen telah banyak dilakukan dan cukup efektif, namun fungisida sintetik dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan cukup besar. Beberapa jenis tanaman rempah seperti rimpang jahe dan kunyit memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai fungisida botani untuk memperpanjang masa simpan buah salak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menentukan spesies cendawan yang sering terisolasi dan isolat yang paling berpotensi menyebabkan penyakit pascapanen pada salak pondoh. 2) Mengkaji ekstrak rimpang jahe merah dan kunyit terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan, dan 3) Mengkaji formula bahan pelapis (konsentrasi pelilinan) dikombinasikan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak fungisida botani yang terbaik dalam penyimpanan salak pondoh.
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- MT - Agriculture Technology [2207]