Stabilitas Sifat dan Perkembangan Bunga Hermaprodit pada Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Stability of hermaphrodite Flower and its development in Jatropha curcas L.
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. has hermaphrodite flowers which is stamen and pistil in the same flower, but very rarely found. It was assumed that hermaphrodite flowers unstable in the next generation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the stability of hermaphrodite flower in the next generation from the hermaphrodite seedling and to observe the development of hermaphrodite flower. To obtain the stability of hermaphrodite flower was used by plant growth regulator. The parameters observed in the study were leaf number, branch number, plant height, angle of branch every two weeks. Anatomical observation of flower hermaphrodite was done on microscopical slide of longitudinal section.The results showed that the hermaphrodite flowers of J.curcas was stable in the next generation. Application of Giberellin and Kinetin (50 : 50 ppm) has the heighest number of hermaphrodite flower, that is 136 male flowers and 11 hermphrodite flowers until 23 days after flower initiation. Giberellin 100 ppm has significantly effect on vegetative growth of J.curcas. A receptive stigma was occurred one day before the flowers anthesis, while the pollen attached on the stigma occured after the flowers anthesis. Longitudinal section of ovule of hermaphrodite flowers one day before anthesis, was found subdermal cell of nucellar. Tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki bunga hermaprodit yaitu satu bunga memiliki stamen dan stigma, tetapi jarang ditemukan. Sifat hermaprodit pada J.curcas kurang stabil. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian pemacuan stabilitas pembungaan hermaprodit dari biji yang dihasilkan dari bunga hermaprodit serta mengamati perkembangan bunga hermaprodit. Pemacuan pembungaan hermaprodit dilakukan dengan zat pengatur tumbuh. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, tinggi tanaman, besar sudut percabangan, yang diamati tiap dua minggu. Pengamatan anatomi bunga hermaprodit dilakukan terhadap sediaan mikroskopis sayatan membujur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bunga hermaprodit pada J.curcas stabil ke generasi berikutnya dengan produksi bunga rata-rata 11 bunga hermaprodit dan 136 bunga jantan pada perlakuan kombinasi Giberellin dan Kinetin (50 : 50 ppm) pada 23 hari pengamatan pembungaan tiap rangkaian. Giberellin konsentrasi 100 ppm berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman J.curcas. Stigma reseptif pada J.curcas terjadi satu hari sebelum bunga mekar, sedangkan polen menempel pada stigma terjadi pada saat bunga mekar. Sayatan membujur pada ovul bunga hermaprodit satu hari sebelum bunga mekar, dijumpai sel-sel subdermal nuselar
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