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      Pengaruh Konsentrasi Colchicine terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tumbuhan Jelutung (Dyera costulata Hook. f.)

      Effect of Colchicine Concentration on The Growth of Jelutung Seedling (Dyera costulata Hook. f.).

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Sumaryadi, Eka
      Sandra, Edhi
      Siswoyo
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      Abstract
      Jelutung termasuk ke dalam jenis pohon dwiguna, artinya pohon yang dapat menghasilkan kedua jenis komoditi hasil hutan yaitu komoditi Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) berupa getah jelutung dan hasil hutan berupa komoditi kayu. Getah dan kayu sudah dikenal dan dimanfaatkan lama oleh masyarakat, pada masa produktif disadap getahnya, dan pada akhir daur dimanfaatkan kayunya. Karena pemanfaatannya yang begitu besar maka diperlukan suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu dan produksi tumbuhan jelutung serta upaya untuk melestarikannya karena jumlahnya yang semakin berkurang. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu dan melestarikannya adalah dengan pemberian zat kimia colchicine. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi colchicine terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tumbuhan jelutung pada media pembibitan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup IPB (PPLH IPB) dari bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2011. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan metode statistika Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktorial. Jumlah perlakuan ada lima perlakuan dengan 10 ulangan sehingga total terdapat 50 unit percobaan. Terdapat empat perlakuan diberi konsentrasi colchicine yang berbeda-beda dan satu perlakuan berfungsi sebagai kontrol. Konsentrasi colchicine yang digunakan adalah 0,5 mg/l, 1,0 mg/l, 1,5 mg/l, dan 2,0 mg/l. Pemberian colchicine dilakukan dua kali sehari selama dua hari berturutturut, kemudian diberi jeda selama satu minggu. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak enam kali. Pengamatan dan pengukuran dilakukan setiap satu minggu selama delapan minggu dengan parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan tinggi tunas, diameter, dan jumlah daun baru. Pemeliharaannya meliputi penyiangan dan penyiraman menggunakan pupuk hyponex hijau, hormon tunas, bakterisida, dan fungisida. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pertambahan tinggi tunas, diameter, dan jumlah daun baru terbesar pada konsentrasi 2,0 mg/l. Berdasarkan uji statistik, pada pertambahan tinggi tunas dan diameter berpengaruh nyata, sedangkan pada pertambahan jumlah daun baru tidak berbeda nyata, namun pada perlakuan dengan pemberian colchicine memiliki hasil ratarata lebih besar dibanding perlakuan tanpa colchicine (kontrol). Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya pengaruh colchicine di dalamnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian konsentrasi colchicine memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata pada pertambahan tinggi tunas dan diameter bibit tumbuhan jelutung, sedangkan pada pertambahan jumlah daun baru tidak berbeda nyata, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa ada kecenderungan terjadinya poliploidi pada bibit yang diberikan perlakuan colchicine.
       
      Jelutung was included in the dual-purpose tree, which means it can be produce both types of forest product commodities, there are non-wood forest product commodity such as jelutung latex and wood forest product comodity. The latex and wood already known and used by people, during productive time the latex was tapped and the end of cycle the wood are used. Because a lot of utilization big efforts are really needed to improve the quality and productivity of jelutung, so we can conserve that plant to prevent their extinction. One of the efforts to improve the quality and productivity of jelatung is by giving them colchicine. This research were determined to figure out what is the effect of using Colchicine on the growth of Jelutung Seedling on nurseries media. The research was conducted at Tissues Culture Laboratory of the Living Environment Research Center, Bogor Institute of Agriculture. Estimated on January – April 2011. This research was compiled by using the statistical methods of RAL One Factorial. There are 5 treatments in total with 10 replications, thus it makes a total of 50 experimental units. It consists of 4 treatments was given different Colchicine concentrate and one functions as a control. Colchicine concentrate used on this experiment was 0.5 mg/l, 1.0 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, 2.0 mg/l. Colchicine was given out twice a day for two days, thoroughly, and then a one week recess. The treatment was repeated six times. Observations and measurements was done once in a week for a total of 8 weeks, given the parameter circumstances consists of the shoot’s height and diameter growth, and the numbers of newly-sprout leaves. Plant cultivation includes the provision of green hyponex fertilizer, hormones of the shoot, bactericide, and fungicide. The results of this research indicate that the highest average height of shoot, diameter and the numbers of leaves is found on 2.0 mg/l concentration. According to statistical test, the Colchicine affected the height and diameter of the shoot, but not the amount of leaves, nevertheless, the treatments that was given Colchiline is making a big difference on the average results with one that wasn’t given out Colchiline (control). It is obviously because the Colchiline was really affecting. This research concludes that Colchicine affects the height and diameter of the shoot oh the Jelutung, although it has very minimum effect to the numbers of leaves. Yet it can be said that there is a tendency that poliploid was occurred on the treatment with Colchicine.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/52299
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