Analisis Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Kayu oleh Masyarakat Adat (Kasus di Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua)

Abstract

The decentralization policies in Indonesia have not yet specifically designed the decentralization of natural resources management. This condition can be seen from the timber utilization by the traditional community in the Regency of Jayapura in the Province of Papua. They prefer to utilize timber without legal aspects, whereas the local government is faced with difficulties because of different and inconsistent policies. The objective of this study was to examine the implemented policies, activities of traditional community in utilizing timber, the effectiveness of traditional institutions; and formulate alternative policies. Data were collected from observation, document tracing, and in-depth interviews with informants in the Districts of Kemtuk, Kaureh, and Unurumguay. The analyses involved these aspects: policy substance/content, marketing channel, income of people and local government, stakeholders, and effectiveness of traditional bodies/institutions. The study results indicate that the existing policies do have benefits and ignore the rights of traditional community; some marketing channels are without legal aspects; the traditional institutions are not yet effective; and coordination is necessary between the local government and forestry ministry in making policies.

Kebijakan desentralisasi yang berlangsung di Indonesia belum secara spesifik merancang desentralisasi dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Namun demikian beberapa penulis menyatakan bahwa kebijakan desentralisasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Salah satu alasan yang mereka pakai untuk menguatkan argumen tersebut adalah karakter lingkungan yang berbeda di masingmasing daerah menuntut pendekatan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam yang sesuai dengan kondisi sosial, politik, dan ekonomi di tingkat lokal (Suporaharjdo, 2008).