Genetic parameters estimation of agronomic and quality traits and selection high yielding sorghum lines in acid soil

Abstract

Sorghum is a crop that has potential to be developed as an alternative food because sorghum is a source of carbohydrate and the content of protein, calcium and vitamin B1 is higher than corn and rice. Furthermore, sorghum has potency to be developed as raw material for bioethanol. The adaptation of sorghum in dry environment is suitable to be developed on dry land in Indonesia which is dominated by acid soil. The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic parameters of agronomic and quality traits of sorghum in acid soil and to obtain tolerant and high yielding sorghum lines. The study was divided into three experiments conducted at UPTD of Dry Land Tenjo. Genetic material used in experiments 1 and 3 was F4 and F5 generations from crosses between UPCA S1 (sensitive to acid soil) and Numbu (tolerant to acid soil). Genetic material used in the second trial was six mutant lines and four national varieties. The results showed that there was high variation on stem weight, biomass weight, grain weight/plant, total sugar content and harvest index. The variation of the content of amylose, amylopectin and protein was low, while the tannin content showed a wide variation. The result of selection based on grain weight/ plant and biomass weight could potentially generate 14 genotypes tolerant to acid soil and high yielding. Selection based on grain weight/plant and weight of biomass was effective in acid soil.

Sorgum merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pangan alternatif karena selain sebagai sumber karbohidrat, kandungan protein, kalsium dan vitamin B1 yang lebih tinggi dibanding jagung dan beras. Selain itu, sorgum berpotensi dikembangkan untuk dikonversi menjadi bioetanol. Keunggulan daya adaptasinya terhadap lingkungan kering berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di lahan kering di Indonesia yang didominasi lahan kering masam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi parameter genetik karakter agronomi dan kualitas sorgum di lahan masam serta memperoleh galurgalur sorgum toleran lahan masam yang berdaya hasil tinggi serta berkualitas baik. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga percobaan yang dilakukan di Lahan Percobaan UPTD Lahan Kering Tenjo. Materi genetik yang digunakan pada percobaan 1 dan 3 merupakan benih sorgum generasi F4 dan F5 hasil persilangan tetua UPCA S1 (peka lahan masam) dan Numbu (toleran lahan masam). Materi genetik pada percobaan dua digunakan 6 galur mutan sorgum generasi M9 dan 4 varietas nasional