Pengaruh residu amonia akibat fumigasi terhadap mortalitas rayap tanah (coptotermes curvignathus holmgren) pada beberapa jenis kayu rakyat
The Effect of Ammonia Residual to The Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) Mortality in Several Species of Wood Community Forest
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Date
2011Author
Taqiyudin, Mukhlas
Rahayu, Istie Sekartining
Arinana
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INTRODUCTION : Nowadays, the interests of fumigation has increased along with the establishment of various intenational regulations, such as International Standard for Phytosanitary Measure (ISPM) No. 15 for wood packaging (Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material in International Trade) in 2002. ISPM-15 requires that all wood packaging must get special treatment, that is heat treatment or fumigation with methyl bromide. However, application of fumigation with methyl bromide has been limited because the effect of methyl bromide that can eradicate the ozone layer. It is necessary to have an alternative fumigant that is environmental friendly, one of which is ammonia. However, the use of ammonia has likely caused effects to the timber, one of which is the residue left in the timber. The residue will determine whether it could become an ideal fumigant. This study objective is to determine the effect of residue from ammonia fumigation, especially to subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus mortality in several species of wood community forest (Manii, Mindi, and Durian). MATERIAL AND METHODS : This study conducted a research to determine the effect of ammonia residual on the mortality of termites on the Manii, Durian, and Mindi woods. We performed testing of natural durability of wood by using ASTM D 3345- 2008. Further research conducted on the effect of ammonia fumigation against termite attack that inserted into the hole in the wooden blocks with the depth of 20 cm and the hole distance each other is 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm from the surface. Fumigation process using 2 litres, 4 litres, 6 litres, 8 litres, and 10 litres ammonia inside 2 m x 1 m x 1 m fumigation chamber for 4 days. After 4 days of exposure, aeration was perfomed for 24 hours and then the effect of ammonia residual was tested by putting back termites into the block of wood that has been used in the fumigation process earlier and exposed for 7 days. Parameters measured in those testing was termite mortality after exposure for 4 days and 7 days. RESULT AND DISCUSSION : The results showed that Manii had a lower durability level than Mindi and Durian. Fumigation test results showed that wood density may effect the percentage of termite mortality. In addition, wood that had been exposed to 2 litres ammonia had higher mortality than the control treatment (31.11%). 6 litres ammonia resulted 100% mortality of termites in the 2 m x 1 m x 1 m fumigation chamber. The results of ammonia residual tests obtained 100% mortality of termites for each species, the volume of ammonia, and the hole distance used in this study. Test results showed that the ammonia has residual effect. The ammonia residual causes the smell of wood so that necessary efforts to eliminate it had to be done. INTRODUCTION : Nowadays, the interests of fumigation has increased along with the establishment of various intenational regulations, such as International Standard for Phytosanitary Measure (ISPM) No. 15 for wood packaging (Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material in International Trade) in 2002. ISPM-15 requires that all wood packaging must get special treatment, that is heat treatment or fumigation with methyl bromide. However, application of fumigation with methyl bromide has been limited because the effect of methyl bromide that can eradicate the ozone layer. It is necessary to have an alternative fumigant that is environmental friendly, one of which is ammonia. However, the use of ammonia has likely caused effects to the timber, one of which is the residue left in the timber. The residue will determine whether it could become an ideal fumigant. This study objective is to determine the effect of residue from ammonia fumigation, especially to subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus mortality in several species of wood community forest (Manii, Mindi, and Durian). MATERIAL AND METHODS : This study conducted a research to determine the effect of ammonia residual on the mortality of termites on the Manii, Durian, and Mindi woods. We performed testing of natural durability of wood by using ASTM D 3345- 2008. Further research conducted on the effect of ammonia fumigation against termite attack that inserted into the hole in the wooden blocks with the depth of 20 cm and the hole distance each other is 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm from the surface. Fumigation process using 2 litres, 4 litres, 6 litres, 8 litres, and 10 litres ammonia inside 2 m x 1 m x 1 m fumigation chamber for 4 days. After 4 days of exposure, aeration was perfomed for 24 hours and then the effect of ammonia residual was tested by putting back termites into the block of wood that has been used in the fumigation process earlier and exposed for 7 days. Parameters measured in those testing was termite mortality after exposure for 4 days and 7 days. RESULT AND DISCUSSION : The results showed that Manii had a lower durability level than Mindi and Durian. Fumigation test results showed that wood density may effect the percentage of termite mortality. In addition, wood that had been exposed to 2 litres ammonia had higher mortality than the control treatment (31.11%). 6 litres ammonia resulted 100% mortality of termites in the 2 m x 1 m x 1 m fumigation chamber. The results of ammonia residual tests obtained 100% mortality of termites for each species, the volume of ammonia, and the hole distance used in this study. Test results showed that the ammonia has residual effect. The ammonia residual causes the smell of wood so that necessary efforts to eliminate it had to be done.
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