Keanekaragaman Jenis Reptil di Kawasan Lindung Sungai Lesan, Kalimantan Timur
Reptile Diversity in Lesan River Protected Area, East Kalimantan.
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Date
2011Author
Tajalli, Arief
Kusrini,Mirza Dikari
Kartono,Agus Priyono
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Herpetofauna is an animal group most likely to be impacted by deforestation because most species has limited range and microhabitat which are dependent on the conditions of its environment. The Lesan River Protected Area is an ex natural forest logging concession essential for life supporting systems and controlling the impacts of homogeneous forest. Therefore there is need to assess the diversity and richness of reptile species in Lesan River ProtectedArea. Research was conducted in three sites within the Lesan River Protected Area on 29 July – 28 August 2010. Reptile data was collected using Visual Encounter Survey (VES) modified with timed search and line transect methods. Habitat data was collected by measuring habitat parameters such as temperature, humidity, water pH, substrate, rainfall, and weather, as well as several physical parameters such as topography, forest canopy, light intensity, and dominant vegetation. Reptile activity patterns and ecological distribution were recorded by observing activities and position of each individual detected. This data was then compared with habitat data and analyzed using Ward method using SPSS software to observe groupings in habitat use. Data was analyzed with CCA method using CANOCO software to identify the correlation between microhabitat and species distribution. A total o 31 reptile species were recorded in the study from 9 families consisting of 145 individuals. Two of the species are listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Redlist and Appendix II of CITES, the Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle (Notochelys platynota) and Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Amyda cartilaginea). The Lesan River transect has the highest diversity but lowest evenness index, while the Anak Sungai Lejak transect has lowest diversity and Lejak River transect has the highest evenness index. Differences between aquatic and terestrial habitats are evident in the higher number of species detected in aquatic habitat but a higher number of individuals were recorded in the terestrial habitat. Microhabitat greatly influences reptile presence because it is correlated with activity and ecological distribution and therefore species with similar activity and movement patterns can been found on the same microhabitat. Kelompok hewan yang paling memungkinkan terkena dampak akibat kerusakan hutan adalah herpetofauna karena sebagian besar memiliki ruang lingkup pergerakan yang sempit dan mikrohabitat yang tergantung pada kondisi lingkungannya. Kawasan Lindung Sungai Lesan merupakan areal eks IUPHHK-HA yang penting bagi sistem penyangga kehidupan dan pengendali dampak yang ditimbulkan dari hutan homogen. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka penelitian mengenai inventarisasi keanekaragaman reptil perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman serta menggali semua kekayaan jenis dan potensi reptil di Kawasan Lindung Sungai Lesan. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi dalam Kawasan Lindung Sungai Lesan pada tanggal 29 Juli - 28 Agustus 2010. Pengumpulan data reptil dilakukan dengan metode Visual Ecounter Survey (VES) yang dimodifikasi dengan time search dan line transect. Pengumpulan data habitat dilakukan dengan cara mengukur beberapa parameter habitat seperti suhu, kelembaban, pH air, substrat, curah hujan dan cuaca serta beberapa parameten fisik lain seperti topografi, penutupan tajuk, intensitas cahaya dan vegetasi dominan. Data pola aktivitas dan sebaran ekologis diperoleh dari pencatatan data reptil yang berupa aktivitas dan posisi pada saat ditemukan. Data tersebut dikaitkan dengan data habitat kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Ward menggunakan software SPSS untuk melihat pengelompokan penggunaan ruang, serta menggunakan metode CCA menggunakan software CANOCO for WINDOWS untuk melihat korelasi mikrohabitat terhadap penyebaran jenis.