Analisis Nilai Anak, Kualitas Pengasuhan, dan Perkembangan Anak Usia Sekolah pada Keluarga Petani Karet dan Petani Sawit di Kabupaten Bungo
Analysis values of children, parenting quality, and school-aged children’s development at rubber farmer family and palm oil farmer family in Bungo
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze values of children, parenting quality, and school-aged children’s development at rubber farmer family and palm oil farmer family in Bungo District. This research involved 80 families that were selected randomly (40 rubber farmer family and 40 palm oil family). The samples were chosen from families of rubber and palm oil farmer in study site who had school-aged children (fourth and fifth grade in elementary school). Data was collected by interview with questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive, difference t-test, correlation, and regression analysis. The difference t-test showed that the palm oil farmer family had higher in parent’s education, family income, children psychology and social value, parenting quality, and child cognitive development than rubber farmer family. There were significant relationship between mother’s age, family welfare, and parent’s education to values of children. Children’s age, family welfare, family income, parent’s education, and children psychology value were significant to parenting quality. Children’s age, parent’s education, family income, psychology value of child and quality of parenting were significant to children’s development. Quality of parenting was influenced by mother’s education, family welfare, children psychology and economic value. The children’s development was influenced by parenting quality, mother’s employment, parent’s education, school’s grade, and gender. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai anak, kualitas pengasuhan, dan perkembangan anak usia sekolah pada keluarga petani karet dan petani sawit di Kabupaten Bungo. Penelitian ini melibatkan 80 keluarga yang dipilih secara acak (40 petani karet dan 40 petani sawit). Contoh adalah keluarga petani karet dan sawit yang memiliki anak usia sekolah (kelas IV dan V SD). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif, uji beda T, korelasi, dan regresi. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa petani sawit lebih tinggi dalam pendidikan orang tua, pendapatan keluarga, nilai psikologi, nilai sosial anak, kualitas pengasuhan, serta perkembangan kognitif anak dibandingkan petani karet. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia ibu, kesejahteraan keluarga, dan pendidikan orang tua dengan nilai anak. Usia anak, kesejahteraan keluarga, pendapatan keluarga, pendidikan orang tua, dan nilai psikologi anak berhubungan signifikan dengan kualitas pengasuhan. Pendidikan orang tua, usia anak, pendapatan keluarga, nilai psikologi anak, dan kualitas pengasuhan berhubungan signifikan dengan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, kesejahteraan keluarga, nilai psikologi, dan nilai ekonomi anak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pengasuhan. Perkembangan anak dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pengasuhan, pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan orang tua, tingkatan kelas sekolah, dan jenis kelamin anak.