Analisis akses kredit dan pengaruhnya terhadap usahatani tomat dan kentang: studi kasus di kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The District of Simalungun is one of main producing area of vegetables in the Province of North Sumatra. One of main problem that local farmers face in operating their vegetable farm is the lack of access to capital market. Accordingly, local farmers depend on a variety of credit sources which implement different terms of credit contract. Presently, local farmers can obtain credit from four credit sources, namely: (a) bank, (b) merchants, (c) credit union, and (d) agricultural input supplier. This study aims at investigating impact of different sources of credit on efficiency, profitability and income distribution of tomato and potato farms. For this purpose, the study used stochastic frontier analysis to analyze the level of technical efficiency of tomatoes and potatoes farm. The results showed that farmers were not yet technically efficient in farming. The difference credit access does not provide technical differences in the efficiency of tomato and potato farming. But the differences access to credit gives a different effect for farm income and Private Cost Ratio on the total cost. Tomato farmers whose incomes and Revenue Cost Ratio of total costs higher are farmers who access credit from the Credit Union (2.39) and stores (2.21). Potato farmer whose incomes and Revenue Cost Ratio of total costs higher are farmers who access credit from banks (1.50) and merchant (1.24). The difference access to credit gives a different effect for income distribution of tomato and potato farms. The largest portion advantage enjoyed by tenants is that access to credit from banks (60.69 percent) and Credit Union (60.26) to farm tomatoes. While the portion of potato farming greatest advantage enjoyed by tenants is that access to credit from banks (44.56 percent) and merchants (32.11 percent).