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      Rainfall estimation based on geostationary (MTSAT-1R) and microwave imager (TRMM) satellite: Case study DAS Citarum

      Pendugaan curah hujan dengan data satelit geostasioner (MTSAT-1R) dan Gelombang mikro imager (TRMM): Studi kasus DAS Citarum

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Sasmito, Sigit Deni
      Pawitan, Hidayat
      Avia, Lely Qodrita
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      Abstract
      This research used blended satellite which are geostationary satellite (MTSAT-1R) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The analyze is based on the MTSAT-1R canal 1R1 with spatial resolution (0.05o x 0.05o) for brightness temperature and TMI with hourly temporal resolution. The research focussed which covered 462 pixels for Citarum Water Catchment Area. TMI is good enough to estimate the precipitation because using microwave to estimating volume of cloud but for temporal scale is not good enough. Assumed wind movement, atmosphere stabilization, and topography are ignored. The relationship analysis between the brightness temperature from MTSAT-1R and the rainfall from TMI have been conducted in this research. There is a relation between brightness temperature and rainfall. Decreasing of brightness temperature is comparable by increasing of precipitation. In the modified exponential regression between two variable, the equation is formed Rainfall estimation = a.e(b/cloud brightness temperature) with determination coefficient 0,71. Then, this modification is used to estimate the precipitation. The result showed that there is an overestimate between estimation data and field measurement data. Increasing quality of data followed by the higher time dimension data (daily, 5 days, 10 days). The ratio test produce calibration factor 0.5 that can reduce overestimate data. This methods are having advantages in spatial and temporal scales as geostationary. In order to increase the accuracy, the validation of data needs to be done by completing the TMI with other parameter and sources and also taking the topography of area into consideration.
       
      Penelitian ini memanfaatkan data satelit geostasioner (MTSAT-1R) dan gelombang mikro TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). Analisis diutamakan pada nilai suhu kecerahan awan yang didapat dari MTSAT-1R dan rain rate (laju hujan) dari TMI pada waktu yang sama di wilayah kajian (DAS Citarum). TMI digunakan karena memiliki kelebihan pada kanal gelombang mikro yang mampu mendeteksi volume awan tetapi memiliki kekurangan pada resolusi temporal karena bentuk orbit polar. Pendugaan curah hujan metode ini dilakukan dengan mengambil beberapa asumsi, diantaranya pergerakan awan akibat angin, stabilitas atmosfer, dan topografi. Analisis hubungan antara suhu kecerahan awan dari MTSAT-1R dan laju hujan (rain rate) dari TMI menunjukkan semakin menurunnya suhu kecerahan maka laju hujan semakin meningkat. Hubungan tersebut dapat direpresentasikan ke dalam bentuk persamaan regresi modifikasi eksponensial, yaitu Curah Hujan Dugaan = a.e(b/suhu kecerahan awan) dengan koefisien determinasi 0,71. Selanjutnya dengan nilai masukan suhu kecerahan awan maka didapat nilai laju hujan yang kemudian dimodifikasi menjadi curah hujan dugaan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masih terjadi overestimate antara data curah hujan dugaan terhadap data pengukuran stasiun. Semakin meningkatnya dimensi waktu (harian, pentad, dasarian) menunjukkan bahwa kualitas data semakin meningkat. Overestimate data dugaan dapat dikalibrasi dengan menambahkan faktor kalibrasi 0.5 yang didapat dari uji rasio. Keuntungan dari metode ini adalah data curah hujan dugaan memiliki resolusi spasial dan temporal sama dengan satelit geostasioner. Hasil akan lebih baik jika mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor seperti pergerakan awan oleh angin, stabilitas atmosfer, dan topografi.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/51515
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      • UT - Geophysics and Meteorology [1720]

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