Kajian bioekologi dalam rangka menentukan arah pengelolaan ikan belida (Chitala lopis Bleeker 1851) di Sungai Kampar, Provinsi Riau

Abstract

Research on bioecology to determine the course of giant featherback management (Chitala lopis bleeker 1851) in Kampar River, Riau Province was conducted from May 2009 until November 2010. Research objectives were examined bioecology aspects of giant featherback (structure and health status of giant featherback populations reviewed from population biology, diets, growth, reproduction and habitat) and formulated concepts and strategies for giant featherback management. The study was conducted using survey and purposive sampling method. Giant featherback specimens were collected from five stations sampling in Kampar River, as a comparison, samples from Barito River (South Kalimantan Province), Penyak River (Bangka-Belitung Province), Mahakam River (East Kalimantan Province) and Indragiri Hilir (Riau Province) were also collected for population genetic analysis. The results reveal that giant featherback in Kampar River Riau Province identified as Chitala Lopis and fragmented in two population units. Morphological characteristics of giant featherback showed phenotypic plasticity and they can not be used to identify unit of population. Kampar River giant featherback classified as carnivorous fish with isometric growth type both male and female. These fishes were matured yearlong in all five sampling stations whereas rainy season as the peak of spawning season. The average size of male giant featherback first maturity is 646.6 mm and 683.5 mm for female. Female giant featherback has a relatively small fecundity which is ranged from 442-11972 eggs. Kuala Tolam Station represents the highest value of environment index for giant featherback specises meanwhile Teso and Rantau Baru as the lowest ones. The strategies of Kampar River giant featherback management are restocking policies in Kuala Tolam, Langgam and Kutopanjang. Translocations population should be conducted on Teso and Rantau Baru populations with Kutopanjang and Langgam as the source populations.The captured sizes of male giant featherback should be more than 646.6 mm, these imply on modification giant featherback fishing gear such as distance between timber in lukah fishing gear minimum 3.8 cm, the size of net and scoop nets on the appliance sempirai at least 10 cm and the minimum size of fish bait is 3 cm. The giant featherback fishing activities could be conducted throughout the year except in November. In fishing control, Teso, Langgam, Rantau Baru and Kuala Tolam Station should be treated as the targets for restraint in fishing activities meanwhile Kutopanjang Station is suitable for intensively giant featherback fishing. Recommendations habitat restoration policies were aimed at Teso and Rantau Baru Station related to restriction on gold mine activities in upper stream of Teso, reshape river, restriction on floating aquaculture in Rantau Baru and reforestation of riparian vegetation in Teso and Rantau Baru Station.