pembangunan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta dampaknya terhadap pelapisan sosial dan strategi nafkah: kasus dua desa sawah etnis serawai dan jawa di kabupaten seluma propinsi Bengkulu

Abstract

Estate small landholders of palm oil were developed with converting of wetland area. The characteristics of this crops affect to production organizing that may be different from wetland, This research was aimed to study conversion of wetland area into palm oil estate to study palm oil estate profile of farmers, and to analyze its impacts on the social stratification and livelihood strategies. This march used survey method in combination with in-depth interviews that conducted at two villages with different ethnicity The finding of this research shows that land conversion have done in order to recovery household economy. In this context, land conversion were resulted by the interaction among the farmers with the labors of palm oil company (PT AA), migrants of Batak's ethliic, and officers of Plantation Affair. Palm oil estate profile of farmers were most influenced by wetland area which were owned when its not converted yet. Palm oil productions o f farmers were production entity of oil pahn industry. Estate production structure of farmers were met the massive business organisation of sellers who have been partners of palm oil factories. The emerging social structure change was indicated by social mobility of some social strata. Social mobility was affected by land selling activities and availability of opportunities to work and enterpreneur in the off farm and non farm sectors. Employment alteration being estate farmer has affect to income source of household depend on their estate. The fanners of low and middle strata have to diversifjl their income source in order to survival (survival strategy), while the farmers of upper stratum have to specify in order to accumulation their wealth (strategy of wealfh accumulation).