Efektifitas dan efisiensi kegiatan penyaradan di IUPHHK-HA (Studi Kasus di PT. Austral Byna, Kalimantan Tengah)

Abstract

Forest harvesting activities is stages of forest management that impact negatively on the specific environment but on the other hand have a positive impact on socio-economic life. Among the stages of forest harvesting the most negative impact on the environment is skidding activities. In generaly IUPHHK-HA in Indonesia using a tractor as a skid that impact on the decline in soil quality and the residual stand damages after harvesting. That negative impact can be minimized by environmentally friendly logging, known as RIL (Reduced Impact Logging). This research aims to determine effectiveness and efficiency of skidding activities conducted by PT. Austral Byna and partners as well as knowing the implementation of the rules of RIL (Reduced Impact Logging) in skidding activities at PT Austral Byna. Field observation carried out on 8 plots consisted of 4 plot worked out by the company and 4 plot worked out by partners. The size of opened areas obtained from the openness of the area due to skid trails and the openness of the area due to landings. The effectiveness of skid trails making plan obtained by comparing length of skid trails and the number of trees to be skidded to the realization in the activities of skidding. The efficiency of activities skidding is identified by comparing the skidding of timber volume and length of skid trails in a single plot. The observation of implementation rules of RIL made by measuring several parameters of the harvesting planning maps, completeness squad skid trails, construction of skid trails and activities after skidding. The result shows that the openness of the area due to skidding by the company more than done by partners (4,74 % > 4,08 %). The effectiveness of skid trail making plan on the plot by the company is more effective than the plot worked out by partners (83,29% > 62,73%). The efficiency of skid trails on the plot by the company is bigger than plot worked out by partners (39,88 m3/hm > 31,74 m3/hm). Observation of the implementation rules of RIL indicates that there are some parameters that do not fit with RIL skidding activities such as harvesting plan map that there are no contour lines and the direction of fallen trees, not carrying a map of harvesting by the skidding team, an average width of skid trails that are still more than 4 m, skiding distances there is still greater than 400 m, construction of crossdrain still have not fit in terms of number and shape, there is no replanted in the area of the former landings, and the opening of the temporary bridge is not lifting all the wood in rivers.