Pendugaan perubahan cadangan karbon di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri

Abstract

Based on greenhouse gases inventory conducted from 2000 – 2005, land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF) contributed approximately 48% of the total emissions of Indonesia, due to deforestation and other forest cover changes at the rate of 1,1 million hectares per year. In the efforts of reducing emissions from LULUCF sector, Indonesia implements Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation-plus (REDD-plus). Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) was chosen to host a REDD-plus demonstration activity. Carbon stock inventory and monitoring is one of the main activity of the REDD-plus demonstration activity in TNMB. The use of combined remote sensing technology and ground-based inventory in plot scale can be used to estimate carbon stock changes in landscape scale. This study aimed to estimate carbon stock in various land-cover of MBNP and estimate carbon stocks change in MBNP during the period 1989 – 2001, 2001 – 2005, and 2005 – 2010. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in MBNP during May to July 2010. The measurement was done in Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) which were established by MBNP’s management for carbon stock inventory and monitoring activities. Total of 40 PSPs were available, distributed over various land-covers, namely: primary forest, secondary forest, agro-forestry system, cropland, shrub/bush, grassland, and rubber plantation. This study considered only above ground biomass and above ground carbon. The study found that biomass amount in MBNP ranged at 46,39 Mg.ha-1 – 241,85 Mg.ha-1 and carbon stock amount ranged at 20,31 Mg.ha-1 – 120,93 Mg.ha-1. Primary forest had the highest amount of biomass and carbon stock, while grassland had the lowest amount of biomass and carbon stock in MBNP. During the period of 1989 to 2010, total amount of carbon stock in MBNP has increased at amount of 479.256,12 Mg.ha-1 or on average of 22.821,72 Mg per year. The amount of carbon stock during the period of 1989 – 2001 had decreased at amount of 34.536,86 Mg. The decrease of carbon stocks was caused by deforestation, illegal logging, forest encroachment and tsunami. The amount of carbon stock has increased during the period of 2001 – 2005 at amount of 126.646,67 Mg and during the period of 2005 – 2010 at amount of 398.553,78 Mg. The increase of carbon stocks was caused by intensive forest protection, monitoring of activities on forestland and land rehabilitation involving community in/and surrounding MBNP area, non-governmental organization (LATIN, KAIL), ITTO and PUSPIJAK – Ministry of Forestry.