Respon pertumbuhan dan anatomi jaringan daun pada Asystasia gangetica, Impatiens balsamina, dan Mirabilis jalapa akibat polusi udara

Abstract

Air pollution is an environmental issue that occurs due to changes in air composition of its normal state. Plants potential as bioindicator of air pollution. Asystasia gangetica, Impatiens balsamina, and Mirabilis jalapa placed in the unit garden Babakan block E University Farm Babakan Sawah Baru Dramaga - Bogor (polluted) and greenhouse (control). Plant growth parameters were observed for 90 days such as the relative height, leaf number relative, relative leaf area and plant weight. Anatomical observations include paradermal section using whole-mount and transverse section using the paraffin method. Anatomical parameters include the number and size of stomata, glandular trichomes and non-glandular, leaf thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness, spongy parenchyma thickness, epidermis and cuticle thickness. The experimental design used was factorial design with two factors, namely the location and type of plants. All data were analyzed of variance and Duncan test using SAS program 9.1.3 Portable. Results showed that A. gangetica have the highest height and the largest relative number of leaves without anatomical changes. Impatiens balsamina modify itself by increasing the stomatal index and density of adaksial stomata as a response to air pollution. The increased of leaves thickness and spongy parenchyma is a response of M. jalapa to air pollution.