Pengelolaan sumberdaya udang mantis (harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius, 1798) berdasarkan informasi biologi di Kuala Tungkal, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi

Abstract

This study aims to assess the distribution of population structure, growth, potential food sources, and exploitation rate of mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius, 1798) as the initial and the basis information for sustainable management of mantis shrimp. This research was conducted in Kuala Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan from July 2009 to December 2010 and partially carried out periodically. The results showed the difference in group size distribution is quite clear between the mantis shrimp are caught in the intertidal and subtidal areas. Mantis shrimps in the intertidal area were in the range of 25-233 mm length is dominated by the size of 79-96 mm, while the mantis shrimp in the subtidal area in the range of 160-366 mm length which is dominated by the mantis shrimp the size of 193-258 mm. Growth coefficient (K) H. raphidea is 0.14 for males and 0.11 for females; and L∞ is 381.68 mm (same for males and females). The value of K H. raphidea is same relatively with some other mantis shrimp species, such as Squilla mantis, Oratosquilla oratoria, and O. stephensoni, but H. raphidea have a longer life span, which is 6.7 to 8.5 years. The value of exploitation rate (E) H. raphidea is 0.42; showed that the exploitation rate of mantis shrimp in Kuala Tungkal, Jambi, is not optimum yet. Stable isotope analysis results indicated that the potential food source for shrimp mantis H. raphidea, especially in the intertidal area, is the group of deposit feeders, filter feeders, and plankton. Alternative resource management for mantis shrimp in Kuala Tungkal is habitat protection and domestication of mantis shrimp.