Potensi streptomyces sp. isolat lokal dalam mendegradasi limbah minyak bumi

Abstract

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of land and water environments has been increasing without proper treatment that can affect stability of ecosystem. One of suitable techniques to solve the crude oil pollution is bioremediation using microbes that can degrade crude oil pollutants to recover the land, water and sediment from contamination. The aim of this research was to screen the capability of indigenous Streptomyces sp. e.g. STR-2, STR-3, B56-2, SLW8-1 and 2075-2K in degrading crude oil pollutants. Degradation processes were assed by growing isolates in International Streptomyces Project 4 (ISP 4) medium supplemented with crude oil, phenol or isooctane as carbon sources. The parameters used were cell biomass, percentage of biodegradation, pH and the changes in crude oil component which was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS) Shimadzu QP2010. The results showed that Streptomyces sp. SLW8-1 had the highest cell biomass during 21 days incubation at room temperature when grown in ISP 4 supplemented with either crude oil (89,60 mg), phenols (92,50 mg) and 14 days incubation in iso-octane (132,80 mg) respectively. The SLW8-1 isolate gave also the highest biodegradation percentage (31%) and decreased the pH during incubation period. The analyzed of carbon structure compounds in non treated crude oil by GCMS when compared with degraded crude oil by the SLW8-1 isolate showed broken from long chain carbon (C20-C27) into short chain carbon (C10-C19). The carbon structures of crude oil was dominated by alcane compounds. The data indicate that SLW8-1 isolate has the ability to degrade crude oil pollutant as carbon source for their growth.