Pengembangan fungsi kapal dan tugas aparat negara di laut dalam rangka penegakan hukum SAR di perairan Indonesia

Abstract

Hingga saat ini berbagai kapal aparat negara dari 5 (lima) instansi pemerintah bertugas untuk pengawasan, pengamanan, penyelamatan kecelakaan, dan penegakan hukum di laut. Secara umum tugas-tugas tersebut belum terselenggara dan terkoordinasi secara baik dalam menindak dan mengatasi pelanggaran hukum serta ancaman terhadap keamanan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan ekonomi kelautan yang bertujuan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat maritim. Jenis pelanggaran hukum di laut mencakup penyelundupan, pencurian kekayaan hasil laut, perompakan, pencemaran lingkungan, pengrusakan terumbu karang dan hutan bakau, kecelakaan laut, imigrasi gelap, human trafficking, pelanggaran muatan dan perijinan kapal, pungutan liar dan pelanggaran tata niaga pelabuhan laut. Intensitas pelanggaran di laut tersebut sering terjadi dan terkonsentrasi di pusat kegiatan ekonomi kelautan, seperti di pelabuhan dan sekitarnya. Permasalahan yang sering ditemui di perairan dan pelabuhan Tanjung Emas adalah pencemaran laut, perusakan hutan bakau, reklamasi, abrasi dan rob, penyelundupan, imigrasi gelap, pelanggaran muatan dan perijinan kapal serta pelanggaran undang-undang pelayaran dan kepelabuhan.

Since Indonesian obtained the freedom for years until present, the various ships of the State officer from 5 differen t governmental institutions have performed duties in order to fulfill surveillance, security, accident rescue, and the law enforcement on sea. Nevertheless, upon the ex ecution of the duties, there has not been a good realization of the complete coordina tion of the avoiding of the sea usage upon the law violence and activities against the la w and the threat agai nst the security upon the execution of sea economical activity for the Indonesian maritime society welfare. The type of law violence on sea that were found, such as smuggling, sea resource thieving, on sea pirating, the sea contaminating, coral reef and mangrove damaging, on sea accident, illegal immigrati on, human trafficking, the load and on sea ship licensing, illegal charging, and the on sea commerce management breaking. The intensity of the on sea violence is ve ry often, and it is concentrated on every sea economical activity with the different violence charac teristic and type based upon the location of the economical activity. It is specialized upon the wate r and the port of Tanjung Emas Semarang that the research found the sea contamination, the mangrove damaging, reclamation, and abrasion and corrosive water, smuggling, illegal immigration, the violence of shipping and port system.