Toksisitas Racun Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada Ayam Broiler

Abstract

The increasing of Jatropha curcas L. cultivation as raw material of biodiesel in Indonesia leads to increase Jatropha curcas meal as byproduct. Besides being a source of oil, Jatropha also provides a meal which may serve as a highly nutritious protein suplement in animal feed. However, both seed and oil have been found to be toxlc. Curcin and phorbol ester are the main toxic components contained in the Jatropha curcas meal. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of using Jatropha curcas meal in the broiler diets on the growth, mortality rate and histophatology of liver and kidney. The experiment used 96 broilers strain CP 707 and were reared up to 28 days of age. The experimental diets were: RO (control diet, without Jatropha curcas meal), R1 (5% Jatropha curcas meal), R2 (10% Jatropha curcas meal), and R3 (15% Jatropha curcas meal). The data of the performances were analysed using analyses of variance and the data of histopathology were analysed using descriptive analyses. The results showed that using Jatropha curcas meal in the diets highly significantly (P<O.Ol) decreased the feed intake and body weight gain. Using Jatropha curcas meal in the diets caused 100% mortality rate at the 22 days of age (R1), at ihe 13 days of age (R2) and at the seven days of age (R3). Using Jatropha curces meal in the diets damaged the liver as well as kidney up to score 3 (score 0 -3).