Analisis karakter agronomi dan pola pita isozim jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L)

Abstract

Dalam rangka pengembangan jarak pagar diperlukan ketersediaan genotipe unggul yang berproduksi tinggi secara spesifik atau di semua wilayah. Informasi potensi produksi dari setiap genotipe berguna untuk mendapatkan kepastian hasil. Selain potensi produksi informasi tentang keragaman plasma nutfah dan hubungan diantara materi pemuliaaan sangat berperan penting dalam pemuliaan tanaman.

The research objective was to determine agronomic characters influencing productivity and genetic variability of several physic nuts in high rainfall area. The research used Completely Randomized Design with three replications of genotypes as follows IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-2P, Lombok Timur, Lombok Tengah, Sumbawa, and Bima genotypes. The direct or indirect effect of each characters was determined by path analysis. Analysis of isozyme experiment of the eight genotypes was also conducted. The experiment showed that the most productive physic nut in high rainfall area was the IP-2P genotype (558.33 kg/ha). The agronomic characters influencing the yield were number of secondary branches, number of productive branches, total leaves, number of inflorescence, number of fruits/plant, fruit weight, seed length, number of seeds/plant, dried seed weight, and weight of 100 seeds. Overall, the most important characters contributing to weight of dry seed per plant is the number of inflorescence (X7) and number of seed per plant (X12), as shown by their positive direct influence and correlation coefficient (P7y =0.51; r7y=0.98) and (P12y=1.10; r12y=0.99). It is concluded that the two characters can be used as the selection criteria for yield. Genetic variability based on qualitative characters was 0-14%, quantitative 17-81%, the isozyme analysis 2-25%, for combined qualitative characters with the isozyme was 1-13% and for combined qualitative characters, quantitative characters and isozyme was 6-33%.