Variasi genetik dan hubungan filogenetik populasi sapi lokal indonesia berdasarkan penciri molekuler DNA mikrosatelit kromosom Y dan gen cytochrome B

Abstract

Seven Y-chromosome specific microsatellites and cytochrome b (cyt b) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were assayed to get the genetic variation of 7 breeds of Indonesian native cattle, primary on male cattle. The analysis of Ychromosome microsatellites variation was determinate from PCR products by using 7 primer pairs that flanking those microsatellites (INRA008, INRA057, INRA062, INRA124, INRA126, DYS 199, INRA 189). PCR products were separated on 10 % of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and then silver staining method was used to detect allele polymorphism at each locus by manually. The analysis of cyt b gene variation was carried out by analysis of nucleotide cyt b gene sequences based on sequencing results of PCR product from amplification of cyt b gene region of mtDNA genome. From Y-chromosome microsatellite allelic polymorphism analysis showed only found limited allele (two alleles) by average 1.8. While, from heterozgousity level INRA 062 locus has higher value (h= 0.53) than others that found in Pesisir cattle population, also this locus has higher value of PIC (0.37). Because markers in Y chromosome, so it is a haplotype system. According to FAO, the specific allele must have minimum four distinct alleles per locus for proficient judgment of genetic differences between breeds. So, all locus in this research was not sufficient to categorized polymorphic allele. Nevertheless, locus INRA 062 could be considered in future study to get more information about polymorphism of this marker. Ychromosome microsatellite in general has tend to specific in breed comparing with autosomal chromosome, because allele come from only male or Y sex chromosome and it contrary to autosomal chromosome where allele is contributed from male and female. The nucleotides variation of cyt b gene showed that in general all population of cattle only has 39.56 % nucleotide conserve side comparing with Banteng (Bos javanicus) mtDNA. These phenomena could be assumed that the Indonesian native cattle has more genetic introgession of Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds. But, from phylogenetic relationship, Bali cattle (both from Bali and Lombok) and Madura cattle have closer relationship to Banteng. Its means that two breeds are still have more genetic composition of Banteng. For Aceh and Pesisir cattle were have opportunity to increase the genetic potential as a local breeds, where based on this study has been founded any specific nucleotide sequences of cyt b gene to those breeds comparing with Bos taurus or Bos Indicus. For the next study we need more Y-chromosome microsatellite marker and also more mtDNA gene sequences to discriminate the Indonesian breeds related to tracking the genetic potential. Because the male cattle has roles in genetic spreading where could have an enormous impact on highly selected domestic animal populations and also in genetic conservations.