Struktur Pasar dan Dinamika Daya Saing Ekspor Karet Alam TSNR Indonesia di Pasar Jepang

Abstract

Karet alam TSNR merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor karet olahan Indonesia yang mendominasi di pasar Jepang. Namun, kinerja ekspornya masih menghadapi kendala internal berupa rendahnya produktivitas dan kualitas karet alam, serta tekanan eksternal seperti rendahnya harga karet alam global dan meningkatnya persaingan antarnegara eksportir. Penelitian ini menganalisis struktur pasar dan dinamika daya saing ekspor karet alam TSNR Indonesia di pasar Jepang selama periode 2010-2024. Metode penelitian mencakup Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), serta Dynamic RCA (DRCA). Hasil menunjukkan struktur pasar karet alam TSNR di Jepang bersifat oligopoli hingga monopoli dengan tingkat konsentrasi pasar tinggi. Karet alam TSNR Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat, tercermin dari nilai RCA tertinggi dibandingkan pesaing. Namun, dinamika posisi daya saing menunjukkan fluktuasi dengan tren menurun, dari posisi Falling Star, Lagging Retreat, sempat mencapai puncak di Rising Star, kemudian menurun ke Lagging Opportunity hingga Lost Opportunity. Dengan demikian, diperlukan strategi penguatan daya saing melalui upaya peningkatan produktivitas dan perbaikan kualitas produk, serta penguatan kebijakan ekspor yang adaptif dan berkelanjutan.

TSNR natural rubber is Indonesia's leading processed rubber export commodity, dominating Japanese market. However, its export performance still faces internal constraints by low productivity and quality, also external pressures such as low global rubber prices and increasing competition among exporters. This study analyzes market structure and dynamics competitiveness of Indonesian TSNR exports in Japanese market during period 2010-2024. Research methods include the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Dynamic RCA (DRCA). Results show that the market structure of TSNR in Japanese market is oligopolistic to monopolistic with high level of market concentration. Indonesian TSNR has strong competitiveness, reflected in highest RCA value compared to its competitors. However, dynamics competitiveness show fluctuations with a downward trend,, from Falling Star, Lagging Retreat, reaching a peak at Rising Star, then declining to Lagging Opportunity and finally Lost Opportunity. Thus, a strategy to strengthen competitiveness is needed through efforts to increase productivity and improve product quality, as well as strengthening adaptive and sustainable export policies.