Efektivitas Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) dalam Pengendalian Patogen Hawar Daun Curvularia sp. pada Jati (Tectona grandis Linn).

Abstract

Modifikasi genetik telah dikembangkan untuk menghasilkan jati (Tectona grandis Linn.) yang cepat tumbuh dan tahan terhadap hama serta penyakit. Namun, pada praktik lapangan, bibit jati masih rentan terhadap cekaman biotik, terutama hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh Curvularia sp., yang menurunkan kualitas fisiologis dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) sebagai agen hayati dalam menekan penyakit dan meningkatkan kesehatan bibit jati. Tiga isolat DSE (APLS, S51, dan KS23) diuji secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa APLS dan S51 memiliki daya hambat sedang terhadap Curvularia sp. Secara in vivo, aplikasi DSE pada konsentrasi 2% menunjukkan bahwa APLS memberikan efek paling efektif dengan menurunkan intensitas serangan hingga 66,67%, mempertahankan nilai SPAD tertinggi (34,02), meningkatkan diameter batang (1,44 mm), serta biomassa total (7,83 g). Isolat S51 lebih berperan dalam menjaga parameter fisiologis tanaman, namun kurang optimal dalam menekan penyakit. Hasil ini menegaskan peran DSE sebagai agen hayati pendukung ketahanan dan pertumbuhan bibit jati di bawah tekanan patogen.

Genetic modification has been developed to produce fast-growing teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) that is resistant to pests and diseases. However, in field practice, teak seedlings are still susceptible to biotic stress, especially leaf blight caused by Curvularia sp., which reduces the physiological quality and growth of plants. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) as biological agents in suppressing disease and improving teak seedling health. Three DSE isolates (APLS, S51, and KS23) were tested 8 and in vivo. In vitro tests showed that APLS and S51 had moderate inhibitory effects against Curvularia sp. In vivo, the application of DSE at a concentration of 2% showed that APLS had the most effective effect by reducing the intensity of attack by up to 66.67%, maintaining the highest SPAD value (34.02), increasing stem diameter (1.44 mm), and total biomass (7.83 g). The S51 isolate was more effective in maintaining plant physiological parameters but was less optimal in suppressing disease. These results confirm the role of DSE as a biological agent supporting the resistance and growth of teak seedlings under pathogen pressure.