Potensi Actinobacteria Untuk Pengendalian Tungau Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari:Tetranychidae) Pada Tanaman Ubi Kayu

Abstract

Ubi kayu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman pangan karena kaya karbohidrat. Dalam budi daya tanaman ubi kayu sering diserang oleh organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT), salah satunya adalah tungau Tetranychus kanzawai. Serangan tungau T. kanzawai menyebabkan permukaan daun mengalami kematian jaringan tumbuhan. Secara umum pengendalian tungau dilakukan dengan menggunakan akarisida. Namun pengendalian tersebut menimbulkan efek negatif terhadap lingkungan. Pengendalian hayati menggunakan Actinobacteria menjadi salah satu cara pengendalian alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Actinobacteria dikenal mampu menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif dan enzim lisis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan hama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi Actinobacteria dalam pengendalian tungau T. kanzawai. Setiap stadia disemprotkan dengan isolat Actinobacteria. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengamati mortalitas dan gejala kematian pada setiap stadia. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, dan 72 jam untuk stadia imago dan nimfa serta hingga 84 JSP untuk stadia telur. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis non-parametrik ART (Aligned Rank Transform). Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor perlakuan dan stadia memiliki interaksi sangat signifikan terhadap mortalitas (P<0,001). Hasil pengujian isolat Actinobacteria terhadap tungau T. kanzawai menunjukkan bahwa isolat Actinobacteria menghasilkan mortalitas yang sedang hingga tinggi terhadap stadia tungau T. kanzawai. Hasil tersebut menegaskan bahwa isolat Actinobacteria memiliki potensi untuk mengendalikan tungau T. kanzawai.

Cassava is an important food crop due to its high carbohydrate content. In cassava cultivation, plants are frequently attacked by plant pests and diseases, one of which is the spider mite Tetranychus kanzawai. Infestation by T. kanzawai causes necrosis on the leaf surface, resulting in tissue damage and reduced plant vigor. In general, mite control relies on the use of acaricides however, intensive application of chemical acaricides can cause adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, biological control using Actinobacteria has emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative. Actinobacteria are known to produce various bioactive compounds and enzymes that can inhibit the growth and development of pests. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Actinobacteria for controlling T. kanzawai. Each developmental stage was treated by spraying Actinobacterial isolates. The bioassay was conducted by observing mortality and mortality symptoms at each developmental stage. Observations were carried out at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment for the adult and nymph stages, and up to 84 hours after treatment for the egg stage. The observational data were analyzed using the non-parametric Aligned Rank Transform (ART) analysis. Statistical analysis showed that treatment and developmental stage had a highly significant interaction effect on mortality (P < 0.001). The results of the bioassay demonstrated that Actinobacterial isolates caused moderate to high mortality in T. kanzawai. These findings confirm that Actinobacterial isolates have considerable potential as biological control agents against the mite T. kanzawai.