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      The Effect of Hot Water Treatment on Virus Suppression in Shallot Seeds and Bulbs

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Mubaarok, Candrasa Miqdaad
      Nurulita, Sari
      Hendrastuti, Elisabeth Sri
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      Abstract
      Bawang merah merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kelompok potyvirus dan carlavirus merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Hot water treatment (HWT) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk menekan infeksi virus menggunakan perendaman air panas dengan suhu dan jangka waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas perlakuan HWT dalam menekan infeksi virus dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah yang ditanam menggunakan benih biji dan umbi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga November 2025. Metode yang digunakan meliputi: (i) perlakuan perendaman umbi dan true shallot seed (TSS) dengan air panas pada suhu 45 °C selama 15 (HWT-15) dan 30 menit (HWT-30), (ii) growing on test (GoT) TSS (kultivar Sanren dan Lokananta) dan umbi (kultivar Bima dan Tajuk), (iii) penanaman bawang merah di lapangan, (iv) pengamatan agronomi dan insidensi penyakit, dan (v) deteksi virus menggunakan metode reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Deteksi awal menunjukkan bahwa TSS bebas virus, sedangkan kultivar Tajuk dan Bima telah terinfeksi masing-masing oleh OYDV + SLV dan OYDV + LYSV + SLV. Gejala penyakit di lapangan muncul pada 1 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan 3 MST berturut-turut pada bahan tanam umbi dan TSS. Insidensi penyakit terendah pada kedua jenis bahan tanam terdapat pada perlakuan HWT-30, yaitu 10,9% pada TSS kultivar Sanren dan 47,3% pada umbi kultivar Bima. Terdapat interaksi signifikan antara pertumbuhan tanaman dan perlakuan yang menunjukkan bahwa HWT-15 lebih efektif untuk TSS, sedangkan HWT-30 lebih efektif untuk umbi. Hasil RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa HWT mampu mengeliminasi LYSV pada bahan tanam umbi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan HWT-15 untuk TSS dan HWT-30 untuk bahan umbi efektif dalam menekan infeksi virus serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan agronomi tanaman.
       
      Shallots are a horticultural commodity with numerous benefits and high economic value. Diseases caused by the potyvirus and carlavirus groups are one of the constraints in shallot production. Application of hot water treatment (HWT), using specific combinations of temperature and immersion duration, has been reported to suppress viral infections in shallots under laboratory conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HWT in suppressing viral infections and its effects on the growth of shallots from both seeds and bulbs in the field. The research was conducted from January to November 2025. The methods of this research including (i) HWT of bulbs and true shallot seed (TSS) at 45 °C for 15 (HWT-15) and 30 minutes (HWT-30), (ii) growing-on test (GoT) of TSS (cv. Sanren F1 and Lokananta) and bulb-derived shallots (cv. Bima and Tajuk), (iii) field trial, (iv) agronomic and disease incidence observations, and (v) virus detection using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Initial detection showed that TSS was virus-free and cv. Tajuk and Bima were infected by OYDV+SLV and OYDV+LYSV+SLV, respectively. Disease symptom in the field appeared 1 week after planting (WAP) and 3 WAP. The lowest disease incidence for both materials was found at HWT-30; i.e., 10.9% for TSS cv. Sanren and 47.3% for bulb material cv. Bima. Significant interaction between agronomic performance and treatments suggested that HWT-15 is suitable for TSS, and HWT-30 is ideal for bulbs. Evaluation of virus detection showed that HWT was able to eliminate LYSV, particularly for bulb material. This research demonstrated that HWT-15 for TSS and HWT-30 for bulbs are effective in delaying or suppressing viral infection and improving agronomic performance.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172502
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      • UT - Plant Protection [2533]

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