Analisis Kelembagaan dan Kelayakan Finansial TPS 3R Kencana Gemilang di Kecamatan Tanah Sareal Kota Bogor

Abstract

Pengelolaan Tempat Pengolahan Sampah (TPS) 3R berbasis masyarakat di wilayah perkotaan masih menghadapi permasalahan rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat, lemahnya koordinasi kelembagaan, serta keterbatasan keberlanjutan finansial. Kondisi tersebut juga terjadi pada TPS 3R Kencana Gemilang di Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilahan sampah, dinamika kelembagaan aktor, dan kelayakan finansial operasional TPS 3R. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis kelembagaan MACTOR, serta analisis kelayakan finansial menggunakan indikator Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat masyarakat dalam memilah sampah dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh faktor kolaborasi sosial, sedangkan variabel individu tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Analisis MACTOR mengidentifikasi Dinas Lingkungan Hidup sebagai aktor paling berpengaruh dan masyarakat sebagai aktor dengan tingkat ketergantungan tertinggi. Dari aspek finansial, TPS 3R Kencana Gemilang belum layak dijalankan pada kondisi eksisting karena menghasilkan NPV negatif, B/C Ratio < 1, dan IRR di bawah tingkat diskonto. Namun, melalui skenario pengembangan gabungan berupa peningkatan partisipasi iuran masyarakat serta optimalisasi produksi maggot dan kompos, TPS 3R berpotensi mencapai kelayakan finansial. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberlanjutan TPS 3R memerlukan penguatan kolaborasi kelembagaan dan strategi pembiayaan berbasis partisipasi masyarakat.

Community-based 3R Waste Processing Site (TPS) management in urban areas still faces problems of low community participation, weak institutional coordination, and limited financial sustainability. This condition also occurs at TPS 3R Kencana Gemilang in Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City. This study aims to analyze community participation in waste sorting, the dynamics of actor institutions, and the financial feasibility of TPS 3R operations. The study uses a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis, MACTOR institutional analysis, and financial feasibility analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) indicators. The results show that community interest in waste sorting is significantly influenced by social collaboration factors, while individual variables have no significant effect. The MACTOR analysis identifies the Environmental Agency as the most influential actor and the community as the actor with the highest level of dependency. From a financial aspect, TPS 3R Kencana Gemilang is not yet feasible to operate under existing conditions because it produces a negative NPV, B/C Ratio <1, and IRR below the discount rate. However, through a combined development scenario involving increased community participation and optimization of maggot and compost production, the 3R TPS has the potential to achieve financial viability. This research confirms that the sustainability of the 3R TPS requires strengthened institutional collaboration and a community-based financing strategy.