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      Karakteristik Papan Fingerjoint dengan Perekat Fenol Resorsinol Formaldehida dan Poliuretan Reaktif sebagai Dek Truk

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Achmad, Afrian Sayyidina
      Hermawan, Dede
      Mubarok, Mahdi
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      Abstract
      Penggunaan kayu sebagai dek truk memiliki keunggulan dari sisi rasio kekuatan terhadap berat, efisiensi energi, dan keberlanjutan, namun keterbatasan dimensi kayu solid menuntut penerapan teknologi rekayasa kayu. Sambungan jari (fingerjoint) memungkinkan pemanfaatan kayu berdimensi pendek menjadi papan panjang yang sesuai untuk dek truk. Kinerja papan fingerjoint sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis kayu dan perekat, terutama untuk aplikasi struktural yang menghadapi beban dinamis serta kondisi lingkungan ekstrem. Informasi mengenai karakteristik papan fingerjoint dari kayu keruing dan meranti dengan perekat fenol resorsinol formaldehida dan poliuretan reaktif masih terbatas, khususnya untuk aplikasi dek truk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik perekat fenol resorsinol formaldehida dan poliuretan reaktif serta mengevaluasi sifat fisis dan mekanis papan fingerjoint kayu keruing dan meranti sebagai material dek truk. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu jenis kayu dan jenis perekat. Karakteristik perekat dianalisis melalui kadar padatan, waktu gelatinasi, viskositas, dan kenampakan. Papan fingerjoint yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisisnya meliputi kadar air, kerapatan, pengembangan tebal, daya serap air, uji siklik, dan delaminasi, serta sifat mekanis berupa modulus elastisitas, modulus patah, dan kekerasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekat poliuretan reaktif memiliki waktu gelatinasi lebih lama dan viskositas lebih rendah dibandingkan fenol resorsinol formaldehida, sehingga menghasilkan penetrasi perekat yang lebih baik dan meningkatkan nilai modulus of elasticity serta modulus of rupture papan fingerjoint. Sebaliknya, perekat fenol resorsinol formaldehida memiliki kadar padatan lebih tinggi yang menghasilkan stabilitas dimensi lebih baik, ditunjukkan oleh nilai pengembangan tebal dan delaminasi yang lebih rendah. Kayu keruing menunjukkan kerapatan dan sifat mekanis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kayu meranti, sedangkan kayu meranti masih menunjukkan performa yang memadai untuk aplikasi dengan beban lebih ringan. Temuan baru dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan karakter performa antara kedua jenis perekat pada papan fingerjoint kayu tropis, di mana poliuretan reaktif lebih unggul dalam meningkatkan kekuatan mekanis, sementara fenol resorsinol formaldehida lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap air dan kestabilan dimensi. Implikasi dari hasil ini adalah pemilihan kombinasi jenis kayu dan perekat dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dek truk, baik untuk aplikasi beban berat maupun ringan, sehingga mendukung efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya kayu dan peningkatan kinerja produk rekayasa kayu.
       
      The use of wood as a truck deck has advantages in terms of strength-to-weight ratio, energy efficiency, and sustainability, but the limitations of solid wood dimensions demand the application of wood engineering technology. Fingerjoints allow the use of short-dimensional wood into long boards suitable for truck decks. The performance of fingerjoint boards is greatly influenced by the type of wood and adhesive, especially for structural applications that face dynamic loads as well as extreme environmental conditions. Information on the characteristics of fingerjoint boards made of keruing and meranti wood with phenol-resorsinol-formaldehyde and polyurethane- reactive adhesives is still limited, especially for truck deck applications. This study aims to analyze the adhesive characteristics of resorsinol phenol formaldehyde and reactive polyurethane and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of keruing and meranti wood fingerjoint boards as truck deck materials. The research method used a complete factorial random design with two factors, namely the type of wood and the type of adhesive. The adhesive characteristics are analyzed through solids content, gelatin time, viscosity, and appearance. The resulting fingerjoint boards were tested for their physical properties including moisture content, density, thickness development, water absorption, cyclic test, and delamination, as well as mechanical properties in the form of modulus of elasticity, modulus of fracture, and hardness. The results showed that reactive polyurethane adhesives had a longer gelatinization time and lower viscosity than phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, resulting in better adhesive penetration and increasing the value of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of fingerjoint boards. In contrast, the phenol resorsinol formaldehyde adhesive has a higher solids content which results in better dimensional stability, indicated by the lower development value of thickness and delamination. Keruing wood exhibits higher density and mechanical properties than meranti wood, while meranti wood still exhibits adequate performance for applications with lighter loads. The new findings from this study show a difference in performance characteristics between the two types of adhesives on tropical wood fingerjoint boards, where reactive polyurethane is superior in increasing mechanical strength, while the phenol resorsinol formaldehyde is more effective in improving water resistance and dimensional stability. The implication of these results is that the selection of a combination of wood and adhesive types can be adjusted to the needs of the truck deck, both for heavy and light load applications, thus supporting the efficiency of wood resource use and improving the performance of wood engineering products.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172384
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      • MT - Forestry [1541]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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