Keefektifan Beberapa Produk Hayati dalam Pengendalian Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanaman Tomat

Abstract

Nematoda Meloidogyne spp. merupakan salah satu nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang bersifat endoparasit menetap pada tanaman tomat yang dapat menyebabkan puru akar. Beberapa jenis produk hayati yang berpotensi untuk pengendalian nematoda puru akar meliputi bioinsektisida BT Plus WP, pupuk organik cair BioHara Plus, dan biofungisida Trichowish. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keefektifan beberapa jenis produk hayati, yaitu bioinsektisida BT Plus WP, pupuk organik cair BioHara Plus, dan biofungisida Trichowish untuk mengendalikan nematoda puru akar Meloidogyne spp. pada tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Pestisida kimia sintetis Velum Prime 400 SC (bahan aktif: Fluopyram 400 g/L) digunakan sebagai pembanding dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui uji in vitro terhadap mortalitas juvenil dua nematoda di laboratorium dan uji in vivo di rumah kaca. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) menggunakan program R Studio versi 4.5.2 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey dan uji Dunn pada perameter jumlah puru dan populasi nematoda dalam tanah. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa seluruh produk hayati mampu meningkatkan mortalitas nematoda. Biofungisida Trichowish dan bioinsektisida BT Plus WP menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan secara berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 0,25 g/5 mL dan 41,5 µL/5 mL. Sementara itu, pada uji in vivo bioinsektisida BT Plus WP dengan konsentrasi 16,6 mL/100 mL lebih efektif dalam menekan populasi nematoda Meloidogyne spp., kemudian biofungisida Trichowish pada konsentrasi 5 g/100 mL. Selain meningkatkan mortalitas nematoda, produk hayati ini juga mampu menekan jumlah puru. Penggunaan produk hayati tersebut juga meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa produk hayati berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengendalian nematoda yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.

Meloidogyne spp. is one of the root-knot nematodes that behaves as a sedentary endoparasite on tomato plants, causing gall formation on the roots. Several types of biological product commonly used for the control of root-knot nematodes include the bioinsecticide BT Plus WP, the liquid organic fertilizer BioHara Plus, and the biofungicide Trichowish. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of several biological product (bioinsecticide BT Plus WP, the liquid organic fertilizer BioHara Plus, and the biofungicide Trichowish) in controlling of Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The synthetic chemical pesticide Velum Prime 400 SC (active ingredient: Fluopyram 400 g/L) serving as a comparison treatment in this study. The experiment consisted of in vitro assays to determine the mortality of second stage juveniles under laboratory conditions and in vivo assays in a greenhouse. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on completely randomized design in R Studio version 4.5.2 by Tukey’s test and Dunn’s test for the parameters of gall number and nematode population of soil. The in vitro results showed that all biological products were able to increase nematode mortality. The biofungicide Trichowish and the bioinsecticide BT Plus WP showed significant effects at concentrations of 0,25 g/5 mL and 41,5 µL/5 mL, respectively. Meanwhile, in the in vivo experiment, bioinsecticide BT Plus WP at a concentration of 16,6 mL/100 mL was the most effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. populations, followed by biofungicide Trichowish at 5 g/100 mL. In addition to increasing nematode mortality, these biological products were also effective in reducing gall formation. The use of these biological products also supported tomato plant growth. These findings indicate that biological products have promising potential as environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives for nematode control.