Karakteristik Tapak pada Berbagai Tegakan Agroforestri di Resort Gunung Kendeng Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

Abstract

Sistem agroforestri menawarkan solusi berkelanjutan untuk memulihkan kualitas tanah yang terdegradasi akibat aktivitas manusia, dengan mengintegrasikan fungsi ekologis pohon dan tanaman pertanian. Evaluasi efektivitas sistem ini menjadi penting, khususnya di kawasan konservasi seperti Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS), untuk memastikan kelestarian tanah sekaligus mempertahankan produktivitas lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi jenis vegetasi pada berbagai tegakan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, menganalisis sifat fisik tanah dengan metode Visual Evaluation Soil Structure (VESS) pada berbagai tegakan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, dan menganalisis hubungan metode VESS dengan sifat tanah lainnya pada berbagai tegakan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawasan Resort Gunung Kendeng, TNGHS. Tegakan yang diteliti terdiri dari hutan alam, agroforestri damar- kapulaga, nanas, sereh, agroforestri damar- kopi, agroforestri damar- rawit, agroforestri damar- terong, dan campuran. Penelitian ini menghitung komposisi jenis dan menvisualisasi struktur tegakan pada setiap tegakan. Selain itu, penelitian mengukur kualitas struktur tanah menggunakan metode VESS dan metode analisis tanah lainnya berupa sifat fisik tanah (bulk density, porositas, dan kadar air tanah) dan sifat kimia tanah (pH, C-organik, KTK). Komposisi jenis vegetasi pada berbagai tegakan terdiri dari jenis yang berbeda. Tegakan hutan alam didominasi pohon Macropanax dispermus, seluruh tegakan yang menerapkan sistem agroforestri didominasi pohon Agathis dammara, dan tegakan campuran didominasi pohon Altingia excelsa. Kondisi kualitas fisik tanah pada berbagai tegakan menunjukkan kondisi yang berbeda. Perbedaan tegakan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas struktur tanah VESS. Kualitas struktur tanah dengan metode VESS pada tegakan hutan alam, tegakan agroforestri damar- kopi, tegakan campuran, tegakan agroforestri damar- kapulaga, nanas, sereh, (Sq 1,0) dan tegakan agroforestri damar- rawit (Sq 1,80) menunjukkan dalam kualiatas baik. Kualitas struktur tanah dengan metode VESS pada tegakan agroforestri damar- terong (Sq 2,50) menunjukkan dalam kualitas sedang. Hubungan VESS dengan sifat tanah lainnya diukur dengan korelasi Spearman. Korelasi Spearman antara VESS dengan sifat fisik tanah (bulk density, porositas, dan kadar air) menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Korelasi Spearman antara VESS dengan bulk density (? = +0,85) menunjukkan hubungan positif. Korelasi Spearman antara VESS dengan porositas (? = -0,85) dan kadar air (? = -0,85) menunjukkan hubungan negatif. Korelasi Spearman antara VESS dengan pH menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan dan hubungan antara VESS dengan C-Organik dan KTK menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Korelasi Spearman antara VESS dengan sifat kimia tanah (pH (? = -0,18), C-Organik (? = -0,86), dan KTK (? = -0,77)) menunjukkan hubungan negatif.

Agroforestry systems offer a sustainable solution to restore soil quality degraded by human activities, by integrating the ecological functions of trees and agricultural crops. Evaluating the effectiveness of this system is important, especially in conservation areas such as Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS), to ensure soil sustainability while maintaining land productivity. This study aims to analyze the composition of vegetation types in various stands in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, analyze soil physical properties with the Visual Evaluation Soil Structure (VESS) method in various stands in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, and analyze the relationship between the VESS method and other soil properties in various stands in Mount Halimun Salak National Park. This research was conducted in the Gunung Kendeng Resort area, TNGHS. The stands studied consisted of natural forest, damar-cardamom, pineapple, lemongrass agroforestry, damar-coffee agroforestry, damar-chilli agroforestry, damar-eggplant agroforestry, and mixed stand. This study calculated the species composition and visualized the stand structure in each stand. In addition, the study measured the quality of soil structure using the VESS method and other soil analysis methods in the form of soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, and soil moisture content) and soil chemical properties (pH, C-organic, CEC). The composition of vegetation types in various stands consists of different types. Natural forest stands are dominated by Macropanax dispermus trees, all stands that implement agroforestry systems are dominated by Agathis dammara trees, and mixed stands are dominated by Altingia excelsa trees. Soil physical quality conditions in various stands show different conditions. Differences in stands do not significantly affect the quality of soil structure VESS. The quality of soil structure with the VESS method in natural forest stands, damar-coffee agroforestry stands, mixed stands, damar cardamom, pineapple, lemongrass agroforestry, (Sq 1.0) and damar-chilli agroforestry stands (Sq 1.80) showed good quality. The quality of soil structure with the VESS method in damar-eggplant agroforestry stands (Sq 2.50) shows moderate quality. The relationship between VESS and other soil properties was measured by Spearman correlation. The Spearman correlation between VESS and soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, and moisture content) showed a significant relationship. The Spearman correlation between VESS and bulk density (? = +0,85) showed a positive relationship. The Spearman correlation between VESS and porosity (? = -0,85) and moisture content (? = -0,85) showed a negative relationship. The Spearman correlation between VESS and pH showed an insignificant relationship and the relationship between VESS and C-Organic and CEC showed a significant relationship. The Spearman correlation between VESS and soil chemical properties (pH (? = -0.18), C Organic (? = -0.86), and CEC (? = -0.77)) showed a negative relationship.