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      Struktur Genetika Populasi dan Filogeografi Eboni (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) Berdasarkan Marka cpDNA.

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Lubis, David Anderson
      Siregar, Iskandar Zulkarnaen
      Dwiyanti, Fifi Gus
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      Abstract
      Eboni (Diospyros celebica) merupakan spesies endemik Sulawesi yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, terancam punah akibat eksploitasi yang berlebih. Upaya konservasi D. celebica perlu dilakukan berbasis informasi genetik, namun masih belum tersedia dengan lengkap secara spasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis struktur dan keragaman genetik D. celebica dari 16 populasi di Sulawesi menggunakan 5 penanda chloroplast DNA (rbcL, rpoB-trnC, ndhF, trnS-trnfM, dan trnK1-trnK2). DNA diekstraksi dari 78 sampel kayu dan selanjutnya disekuensing dengan menggunakan metode Sanger. Analisis data meliputi perhitungan keragaman genetik, struktur genetik populasi, dan filogeografis. Secara keseluruhan, populasi D. celebica di Sulawesi menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang rendah (Hd=0-0,46991/p=0-0,00092), memiliki struktur filogeografi yang kuat, dengan populasi yang secara signifikan dibedakan menjadi tiga klaster genetik (Utara,Tengah-Barat/Timur, dan Selatan). AMOVA menunjukkan keragaman genetik dominan berada di antara populasi (hingga 92,78%), dan nilai FST sangat tinggi (>0,25) antar wilayah. Gen trnK1-trnK2 memberikan informasi yang paling mendalam dibanding 4 gen lainnya. Perlunya pengelolaan setiap klaster genetik sebagai unit manajemen yang berbeda, dengan memprioritaskan perlindungan pada populasi yang berfungsi sebagai pusat keragaman genetik (Coppo dan Belabori di Sulawesi Selatan serta Sausu dan Wawapoda di SulawesiTengah) dalam kegiatan konservasi.
       
      Ebony (Diospyros celebica) is an endemic, high-economic-value species of Sulawesi, currently threatened with extinction due to excessive exploitation. Conservation efforts for D. celebica must be informed by genetic data, which are currently incomplete spatially. This study aimed to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of D. celebica from 16 populations in Sulawesi using five chloroplast DNA markers rbcL, rpoB-trnC, ndhF, trnS-trnfM, and trnK1-trnK2). DNA was extracted from 78 wood samples and subsequently sequenced using the Sanger method. Data analysis included calculations of genetic diversity, genetic population structure, and phylogeography. Overall, the D. celebica populations in Sulawesi exhibited low genetic diversity (Hd=0-0.46991/p=0-0.00092), yet were characterized by a strong phylogeographic structure, with populations significantly differentiated into three genetic clusters (North, Central-West/East, and South). AMOVA showed that genetic variation was predominantly found among populations (up to 92.78%), and FST values are very high (>0.25) across regions. The trnK1-trnK2 gene provided the most informative data compared to the other four genes. The findings necessitate managing each genetic cluster as a separate management unit, prioritizing the protection of populations that function as centers of genetic diversity (Coppo and Belabori in South Sulawesi, and Sausu and Wawapoda in Central Sulawesi) in conservation activities.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172156
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