Analisis Aktivitas Pengguna dan Evaluasi Lanskap Lapangan Lumintang, Kota Denpasar, Bali

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan suatu kota atau daerah dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Salah satu faktor penurunan kualitas hidup adalah kurangnya keberadaan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) publik yang memadai. Lapangan Lumintang di Kota Denpasar, Bali, merupakan salah satu RTH publik yang menampung aktivitas olahraga, rekreasi, interaksi sosial, dan kegiatan budaya. Namun, kawasan ini masih belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan dipersepsikan kurang menonjol secara visual dibandingkan RTH lain seperti Lapangan Puputan Badung dan Taman Kota Renon. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik lanskap, menganalisis aktivitas pengguna, mengevaluasi kualitas lanskap berdasarkan persepsi dan preferensi, serta merumuskan rekomendasi desain untuk meningkatkan performa spasial dan visual tapak. Pendekatan mixed-method diterapkan melalui observasi lapangan, kuesioner terstruktur dan terbuka (n=76), wawancara mendalam, analisis visual metode Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE), semantic differential, uji Kruskal–Wallis, serta uji kontingensi Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tapak memiliki topografi relatif landai dan sirkulasi tergolong aktif dan mudah dikenali, serta ketersediaan fasilitas telah mendukung aktivitas utama pengguna. Aktivitas didominasi oleh kegiatan olahraga dengan intensitas tertinggi pada pagi dan sore hari, terkonsentrasi di zona yang ada sarana dan prasarana sesuai persepsi akvititas. Pola aktivitas bersifat inklusif dan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan berdasarkan usia maupun gender, namun ada perbedaan preferensi. Penilaian SBE mengungkap kontras visual yang signifikan antara zona dengan skor tertinggi pada area tengah dan timur serta skor terendah pada zona barat. Variasi aktivitas tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan berdasarkan gender maupun usia. Rekomendasi desain menekankan peningkatan konektivitas pedestrian, penataan vegetasi peneduh, penyediaan fasilitas dasar seperti toilet dan pencahayaan malam, serta penguatan identitas visual berbasis elemen lokal. Konsep Everyday Park diajukan sebagai pendekatan pengembangan untuk menciptakan ruang terbuka yang inklusif, adaptif, dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat urban.

Urban growth and development can lead to a decline in the quality of life of urban communities, one of which is driven by the insufficient provision of adequate public green open spaces. Lapangan Lumintang, situated in City of Denpasar, Bali, is a public green space that accommodates various sports activities, recreational pursuits, social interactions, and cultural events. However, this area has not been optimally utilized and is perceived as visually less distinctive compared to other public green spaces, such as Lapangan Puputan Badung and Renon City Park. This study aims to identify landscape characteristics, analyse user activities, evaluate landscape quality based on users’ perceptions and preferences, and formulate design recommendations to enhance the spatial and visual performance of the site. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating field observations, structured and open-ended questionnaires (n = 76), in-depth interviews, visual analysis using the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method, semantic differential analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Chi-square contingency test. The research findings indicate that the site has a relatively flat topography with an active and easily recognizable circulation system, and the existing facilities adequately support users’ main activities, which are predominantly sports-related and reach their highest intensity in the morning and afternoon in zones equipped with appropriate infrastructure. Activity patterns are generally inclusive and do not show significant differences based on age or gender, although variations in user preferences are evident. The SBE assessment reveals a strong visual contrast between zones, with the highest scores occurring in the central and eastern areas, and the lowest in the western zone. Variations in activity remain insignificant across demographic groups. Based on these findings, design recommendations focus on improving pedestrian connectivity, optimizing the arrangement of shading vegetation, providing essential facilities such as toilets and night lighting, and strengthening visual identity through local elements, with the Everyday Park concept proposed as an approach to create an inclusive, adaptive, and responsive urban open space.