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      Determinants of Youth Workers Upward Mobility Toward Middle-Class Jobs in Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      HANIFA, TSANIYA QISTHI
      Purwanto, Deniey Adi
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      Abstract
      Indonesia's youth population (aged 15–24) accounts for nearly 16% of the total population and is projected to increase as the country approaches its demographic peak in 2045. Youth play a crucial role in driving economic growth. However, many remain trapped in low-quality jobs despite their significant potential to contribute to economic growth. This study aims to identify the determinants of youth economic mobility toward middle-class jobs in Indonesia using August 2024 Sakernas data and the survey weighted ordered logistic model. Regression results indicate that jobs-related factors such as access to social insurance, full-time employment, time-based pay systems, and commuting to urban labor markets emerge as the strongest predictors of middle-class jobs. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening formalization, social protection, and equitable access to labor markets in urban settings to enhance youth economic mobility and support Indonesia's transition toward a resilient middle-class economy.
       
      Populasi pemuda Indonesia (usia 15–24) mencapai hampir 16% dari total populasi dan diperkirakan akan meningkat seiring negara ini mendekati puncak demografinya pada tahun 2045. Pemuda memainkan peran penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun, banyak dari mereka masih terjebak dalam pekerjaan berkualitas rendah meskipun memiliki potensi besar untuk berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan mobilitas ekonomi pemuda menuju pekerjaan kelas menengah di Indonesia menggunakan data Sakernas Agustus 2024 dan model logistik ordinal tertimbang survei. Hasil regresi menunjukkan faktor-faktor terkait pekerjaan seperti akses ke asuransi sosial, pekerjaan penuh waktu, sistem pembayaran berbasis waktu, dan perjalanan ke pasar tenaga kerja perkotaan muncul sebagai variabel paling berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan peluang mobilitas ekonomi menuju pekerjaan kelas menengah. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya memperkuat formalisasi, perlindungan sosial, dan akses yang adil terhadap pasar tenaga kerja di lingkungan perkotaan untuk meningkatkan mobilitas ekonomi kaum muda dan mendukung transisi Indonesia menuju ekonomi kelas menengah yang tangguh.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172082
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3214]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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