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      Karakterisasi Ekson dan Intron Gen Defensin 1 pada Apis nigrocincta, A. andreniformis, dan A. mellifera ligustica

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Nagari, Sofia Faradina Puspa
      Raffiudin, Rika
      Astuti, Rika Indri
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      Abstract
      Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman lebah madu sebanyak enam dari sembilan spesies lebah madu, termasuk Apis nigrocincta dan A. andreniformis. Selain itu, A. mellifera ligustica telah diperkenalkan ke Indonesia. Apis mellifera memiliki gen defensin 1 yang menyandikan peptida antibakteri. Karakterisasi gen defensin 1 pada A. nigrocincta dan A. andreniformis belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi gen defensin 1 pada A. nigrocincta dan A. andreniformis, mengonfirmasi sekuens A. m. ligustica, menganalisis hubungan molekuler antar-lebah, serta mengungkap ikatan disulfida sistein pada protein defensin 1. Metode meliputi analisis nukleotida, konstruksi pohon filogenetik, dan bioinformatika pada motif asam amino putatif. Diperoleh sekuens parsial gen defensin 1 pada wilayah ekson 2 dan intron 2. Gen defensin 1 pada A. nigrocincta dan A. andreniformis berturut-turut memiliki 24 dan 82 variasi nukleotida dibandingkan dengan A. m. ligustica. Jarak genetik dan hubungan filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa A. nigrocincta berkerabat dekat dengan A. cerana, lebah madu cavity nesting, sedangkan A. andreniformis membentuk klade terpisah sebagai lebah madu open nesting. Ditemukan tiga ikatan sistein pada protein defensin 1.
       
      Indonesia is home to six out of nine honeybee species, including Apis nigrocincta and A. andreniformis. Besides, A. mellifera ligustica was introduced to Indonesia. Apis mellifera possesses defensin 1 gene which encode peptide with antibacterial properties. However, characterization of the defensin 1 gene in A. nigrocincta and A. andreniformis has not been done. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the defensin 1 gene in A. nigrocincta, A. andreniformis, to confirm the A. m. ligustica, molecular relationship among bees, and to reveal the cysteine bonds in defensin 1. Methods included nucleotide analysis, phylogenetic construction, and bioinformatics on the putative amino acid motifs. We obtained the partial defensin 1 gene in the region of exon 2 and intron 2. The defensin 1 gene of A. nigrocincta and A. andreniformis showed a total of 24 and 82 nucleotide variations compared to A. m. ligustica in exon 2 and intron 2, respectively. Genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship revealed that A. nigrocincta was closely related to A. cerana, a cavity-nesting honey bee, while A. andreniformis clustered separately as the open nesting honey bee. We also found three conserved cysteine bonds among all three studied species in the protein motifs of defensin 1.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172071
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      • UT - Biology [2401]

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