Kombinasi Formulasi dan Formula Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) Pada Tanah Gambut: Pengujian Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)

Abstract

Lahan gambut memiliki kendala budidaya pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) karena keasaman tinggi, hara rendah, dan pencucian nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan pupuk slow-release fertilizer (SRF) berbasis kombinasi bahan organik dan anorganik untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Percobaan di Greenhouse IPB University menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan dua faktor: tujuh formula pupuk dan empat bentuk formulasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa formula F4 (pengurangan 50% dosis anorganik, ditambah kotoran kambing dan fly ash) memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik, dengan peningkatan jumlah dan luas daun sebesar 35% dan 38% dibandingkan pupuk konvensional. Formula ini juga efektif dalam menekan pencucian hara ionik (NH4?, NO3?, K?, Ca²?, dan Na?) berkat sinergi bahan organik (fly ash) dan anorganik. Selain itu, formulasi pelet dan remah paling efektif mempertahankan nutrisi, sementara bentuk silinder paling optimal dalam mengendalikan pelepasan hara. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kombinasi formula dan formulasi SRF yang tepat mampu mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan pakcoy dan meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan di lahan gambut.

Peatlands pose a significant challenge for cultivating pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) due to high acidity, low nutrient content, and rapid nutrient leaching. This study aimed to develop a slow-release fertilizer (SRF) using a combination of organic and inorganic materials to address these issues. An experiment was conducted at the IPB University Greenhouse using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors: seven fertilizer formulas and four types of fertilizer formulations. The results showed that formula F4 (50% reduction in inorganic dose, supplemented with goat manure and fly ash) provided the best growth, with a 35% increase in leaf count and a 38% increase in leaf area compared to conventional fertilizer. This formula was also effective in suppressing the leaching of ionic nutrients (NH4?, NO3?, K?, Ca²?, and Na?) due to the synergistic effect of the organic and inorganic components. Furthermore, pellet and crumb formulations were most effective at retaining nutrients, while the cylindrical form was optimal for controlling nutrient release. Overall, this research demonstrates that the right combination of SRF formula and formulation can optimize pakcoy growth and enhance fertilization efficiency in peatlands.