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      Kajian Keragaman Karakteristik Pembungaan dan Pembuahan Beberapa Varietas Anggur (Vitis vinifera L.)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Dewi, Fatimah Kusuma
      Susanto, Slamet
      Hapsari, Dhika Prita
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      Abstract
      Anggur (Vitis vinifera L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman buah bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang telah dibudidayakan secara luas di berbagai wilayah dan telah berkembang menjadi buah yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat. Namun informasi berbagai varietas anggur introduksi ini masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman karakteristik 10 varietas anggur mulai dari fase pembungaan hingga pembuahan di Kebun Sawarga Grape, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dari September 2024 hingga Januari 2025 dengan pengamatan morfologi bunga dan buah yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikroteknik dan Laboratorium Pascapanen. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive random sampling, data disimpan di perangkat Microsoft Excel dan diolah dengan menggunakan SAS Software. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi yang nyata antar varietas pada karakter pembungaan dan pembuahan. Akademik menghasilkan inflorescence terbanyak (20) dan Jupiter memiliki waktu fase pembungaan tercepat. Panjang dan lebar bunga berbeda nyata, dengan Dixon dan Jupiter tertinggi. Pada karakter pembuahan, Jupiter memiliki fruitset tertinggi (50,54%), mengindikasikan efisiensi pembuahan baik. Usia panen bervariasi, Jupiter tercepat (66-78 hari). Sanskerta unggul dalam bobot buah per tangkai (285,10 g) dan total produksi (2,28 kg). Warna buah bervariasi dari merah keunguan hingga hijau, dan bentuk buah bervariasi antar varietas. Jupiter memiliki PTT tertinggi (18,66% Brix) dan rasio PTT/ATT tertinggi (93,30). Sanskerta memiliki kandungan vitamin C tertinggi (40,58 mg/100g). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa faktor genetik dan lingkungan berperan penting dalam menentukan karakter fisiologis dan morfologis masing-masing varietas.
       
      Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a high-economic-value fruit crop that has been widely cultivated across various regions and has since developed into a fruit that is widely favored by the public. However, information on various introduced grape varieties is still very limited. This study aims to identify the diversity of characteristics in 10 grape varieties, from the flowering phase to fruiting, at Sawarga Grape Garden, Bogor, West Java. The research was conducted from September 2024 to January 2025, with observations of flower and fruit morphology carried out at the Microtechnique Laboratory and the Postharvest Laboratory. The method used was purposive random sampling, and the data were stored in Microsoft Excel and processed using SAS Software. The results showed significant variation among varieties in flowering and fruiting characteristics. Akademik produced the most inflorescences (20), and Jupiter had the fastest flowering phase duration. Flower length and width differed significantly, with Dixon and Jupiter having the highest values. In terms of fruiting characteristics, Jupiter had the highest fruitset (50.54%), indicating good fruiting efficiency. Harvest age varied, with Jupiter being the fastest (66-78 days). Sanskerta excelled in fruit weight per cluster (285.10 g) and total production (2.28 kg). Fruit color varied from reddish-purple to green, and fruit shape also varied among varieties. Jupiter had the highest Total Soluble Solids (TSS) (18.66% Brix) and the highest TSS/Total Titratable Acidity (TTA) ratio (93.30). Sanskerta had the highest vitamin C content (40.58 mg/100g). These results indicate that genetic and environmental factors play an important role in determining the physiological and morphological characteristics of each variety.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166057
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