KERANGKA PENGUKURAN KINERJA RANTAI PASOK BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PT SEMEN INDONESIA (Persero) Tbk

Abstract

Industri semen sangat penting bagi pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia, namun industri ini juga memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan melalui emisi, limbah, masalah kesehatan dan keselamatan, serta memengaruhi preferensi konsumen terhadap produk yang ramah lingkungan. Praktik rantai pasok berkelanjutan pada produsen semen penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif serta mengurangi dampak lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi saat memenuhi permintaan pelanggan. Oleh sebab itu, produsen semen harus menilai, mengelola, dan melaporkan kinerja keberlanjutan rantai pasok mereka. Namun, belum ada kerangka pengukuran yang spesifik dan relevan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja rantai pasok berkelanjutan produsen semen di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok berkelanjutan berbasis Tripple Bottom Line (TBL) untuk produsen semen di Indonesia dan melakukan studi empiris pada PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (SIG). Literatur dalam menyusun kerangka kerja rantai pasok berkelanjutan di identifikasi melalui pencarian dengan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Indikator kinerja di pilih melalui proses sintesis dari tiga sumber data yaitu literatur akademis, laporan keberlanjutan produsen semen di Indonesia, dan penilaian para pakar). Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk memilih prioritas indikator kinerja melalui pembobotan pakar industri semen dari enam perusahaan semen. Selanjutnya, analisis kinerja rantai pasok semen berkelanjutan di lakukan di SIG menggunakan Objective Matrix (OMAX) dan Traffic Ligth System (TLS) untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan serta merumuskan strategi perbaikan kinerja. Kerangka pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok berkelanjutan terdiri dari tiga dimensi berkelanjutan yaitu lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi dengan 22 indikator kinerja (6 lingkungan, 8 sosial dan 8 ekonomi). Nilai kinerja rantai pasok berkelanjutan SIG sebesar 80,71, artinya memiliki kinerja baik. Namun, teridentifikasi tujuh indiator kinerja tidak baik terutama dari aspek ekonomi dan sosial. Rekomendasi strategi perbaikan dirumuskan terhadap KPI prioritas dengan kinerja tidak baik antara lain efisiensi proses produksi, peningkatan budaya dan standard keselamatan kerja, serta inovasi dan ekspansi pasar. Penelitian ini berhasil menyusun kerangka pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok berkelanjutan di Indonesia untuk pertama kalinya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai referensi akademisi dan praktisi semen.

The cement industry is critical to Indonesia's infrastructure development, but it also negatively impacts the environment through emissions, waste, health and safety issues, and influences consumer preferences for environmentally friendly products. Sustainable supply chain practices at cement producers are important to increase competitive advantage and reduce environmental, social and economic impacts when meeting customer demand. Therefore, cement producers must assess, manage and report on their supply chain sustainability performance. However, there is no specific and relevant measurement framework to evaluate the sustainable supply chain performance of cement producers in Indonesia. This research developed a Tripple Bottom Line (TBL) based sustainable supply chain performance measurement framework for cement producers in Indonesia and conducts an empirical study on PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (SIG). The literature in developing the sustainable supply chain framework was identified through a search using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) method. Performance indicators were selected through a synthesis process from three data sources (academic literature, sustainability reports of cement producers in Indonesia, and expert judgement). The Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to prioritise the performance indicators through the weighting of cement industry experts from six cement companies. Furthermore, a sustainable cement supply chain performance analysis was conducted in SIG using Objective Matrix (OMAX) and Traffic Light System (TLS) to identify strengths and weaknesses and formulate performance improvement strategies. The sustainable supply chain performance measurement framework consists of three sustainable dimensions: environmental, social and economic with 22 performance indicators (6 environmental, 8 social and 8 economic). SIG's sustainable supply chain performance score is 80.71, meaning it has good performance. However, seven poor performance indicators were identified, especially from the economic and social aspects. Recommendations for improvement strategies were formulated for priority KPIs with poor performance, including production process efficiency, improving work culture and safety standards, and market innovation and expansion. This research has successfully developed a framework for measuring sustainable supply chain performance in Indonesia for the first time so that it can be used as a reference for cement academics and practitioners.