Pengaruh Non-Tariff Measures (NTMS) Terhadap Permintaan Rumput Laut Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

Abstract

With the growing global demand for seaweed and Indonesia’s position as one of the world’s leading producers, understanding the barriers to export growth has become increasingly critical. This study examines the impact of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on Indonesia’s seaweed exports to six major destination countries—Chile, China, Denmark, Japan, Spain, and the United States—over the period 2012–2022. Using annual panel data and a Random Effects Model (REM) regression, the analysis evaluates the influence of import prices, population, GDP per capita of importing countries, and NTMs in the form of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). The results show that import prices, GDP per capita, and the implementation of SPS and TBT measures have significant negative effects on the export volume of Indonesian seaweed, while population growth in importing countries exerts a positive and significant impact. Key challenges include stringent SPS requirements, food safety regulations, and frequent product rejections due to contamination and non-compliance with international standards. To enhance the competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed in the global market, it is crucial to improve product quality, strengthen compliance with international regulations, foster technological innovation, and provide targeted support for exporters. Keywords: seaweed, export, Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs), SPS, TBT, panel data regression