Pengembangan Program Ekowisata Alam Berdasarkan Nilai Multiplier Effect di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting dikenal sebagai pusat penelitian dan konservasi orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) beserta ekosistemnya di dunia sehingga lebih ramai dikunjungi oleh wisatawan mancanegara. Tarif tiket yang lebih tinggi bagi wisatawan mancanegara memberikan gambaran besar rupiah yang dihasilkan sekaligus menjadi latar belakang penelitian mengenai besaran dampak kegiatan wisata bagi perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pelaku wisata, menganalisis dampak ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar, dan menyusun program ekowisata berdasarkan dampak ekonomi wisata di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden yang kemudian dianalisis melalui metode deskriptif serta multiplier effect. Nilai efek pengganda di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting adalah 0,09; 2,89; dan 3,73. Perolehan nilai menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan wisata alam di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting berdampak positif bagi perekonomian masyarakat sekitar, seperti meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat, memperluas peluang kerja, dan mendorong permintaan barang atau jasa pendukung kegiatan wisata. Rancangan program ekowisata diberi nama “Rimba” yang bertujuan untuk mendorong pengeluaran wisatawan di dalam kawasan sehingga mampu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat lokal secara langsung.

Tanjung Puting National Park is recognized as the global epicenter for research and conservation of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and their ecosystems. Consequently, it receives a significant number of foreign tourists. An analysis of the correlation between foreign tourist ticket rates and the subsequent generation of rupiah is warranted. Furthermore, the implementation of research endeavors aimed at assessing the economic impact of tourism activities on the local community is recommended. The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of tourism actors, analyze the economic impact on the surrounding community, and develop an ecotourism program based on the economic impact. The methodology employed in this study encompasses the administration of interviews and the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. These data are then subjected to descriptive analysis and multiplier effects. The value of the multiplier effect in Tanjung Puting National Park is 0.09, 2.89, and 3.73, respectively. The findings indicate that nature tourism activities in Tanjung Puting National Park have a positive impact on the economy of the surrounding community. The impact is evidenced by several factors, including an increase in community income, an expansion in employment opportunities, and an increase in demand for goods and services that support tourism activities. The "Rimba" ecotourism program aims to boost local communities' income by encouraging tourist spending.