Produktivitas dan Kualitas Dua Varietas Jagung Pulut dengan Variasi Dosis Nitrogen

Abstract

Jagung pulut (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi karena kandungan amilopektinnya, namun produktivitasnya masih rendah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh dosis nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas dua varietas jagung pulut, serta menentukan dosis optimum untuk produksi dan kualitas terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan IPB di Pasir Kuda, Bogor, menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktorial dua faktor: empat dosis nitrogen (0, 69, 138, dan 207 kg ha?¹) dan dua varietas (Arumba dan Paramita). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk nitrogen meningkatkan secara nyata berbagai komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil, seperti tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, produktivitas, dan kadar amilopektin. Interaksi dosis dan varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot tongkol berkelobot, tanpa kelobot, panjang tongkol sampai biji, dan diameter tongkol. Kombinasi terbaik diperoleh pada varietas Arumba dengan dosis 138 kg ha?¹. Dosis optimum pupuk N untuk produktivitas jagung pulut berdasarkan analisis regresi adalah 177 kg ha?¹, namun dosis optimum pupuk N untuk kadar amilopektin jagung pulut belum dapat ditentukan karena respons masih linier hingga dosis tertinggi. Kata kunci: amilopektin, arumba, efisiensi agronomi, kadar hara daun, padatan terlarut total

Waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) has high economic value due to its amylopectin content, but its productivity is still low in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of nitrogen dose on the growth, yield, and quality of two glutinous corn varieties, and to determine the optimum dose for the best production and quality of these corns. The study was conducted at the IPB Experimental Garden in Pasir Kuda, Bogor, using a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was four nitrogen doses (0, 69, 138, and 207 kg ha?¹) and the second factor was two varieties (Arumba and Paramita). The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased various components of growth and yield, such as plant height, stem diameter, productivity, and amylopectin content. The interaction of dose and variety significantly affected the weight of cobs with husks, without husks, cob length to seed, and cob diameter. The best combination was obtained in the Arumba variety with a dose of 138 kg ha?¹. The optimum dose of N fertilizer for waxy corn productivity based on regression analysis is 177 kg ha?¹, however the optimum dose of N fertilizer for waxy corn amylopectin content cannot be determined because the response is still linear up to the highest dose. Keywords: agronomic efficiency, amylopectin, arumba, leaf nutrient content, total dissolved solids